Tingnan ang wikitext ng Pagdidistansiyang panlipunan

[[File:Social distancing queueing for the supermarket J. Sainsbury's north London Coronavirus Covid 19 pandemic - 30 March 2020.jpg|thumb|upright=1.85|Mga taong nagpapanatili ng distansiya habang nag-aantay na pumasok sa pamilihan. Upang mapanatili ang distansiya habang nasa pamilihan, limitado lamang ang pinapayagan sa loob sa bawat panahon.]]
[[File:Covid-19-Transmission-graphic-01.gif|thumb|upright=1.85|Binabawas ng distansiyang panlipunan ang bilis ng pagkalat ng sakit at maaaring magpatigil sa isang siklab.]]
Ang '''pagdidistansiyang panlipunan''' o '''pagdidistansiyang pisikal''' ({{Lang-en|social distancing, physical distancing}})<ref name="WHO_20200320">{{cite web |title=COVID-19 |author-first1=Margaret |author-last1=Harris |author-first2=Tedros |author-last2=Adhanom Ghebreyesus |author-link2=Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus |author-first3=Tu |author-last3=Liu |author-first4=Michael "Mike" J. |author-last4=Ryan |author-link4=Michael J. Ryan (doctor) |author5=Vadia<!-- Nowruz, Iran --> |author-first6=Maria D. |author-last6=Van Kerkhove |author-link6=Maria D. Van Kerkhove |author7=Diego<!-- Vortex --> |author-first8=Imogen |author-last8=Foulkes |author-first9=Charles |author-last9=Ondelam |author-first10=Corinne |author-last10=Gretler |author11=Costas<!-- ERT, Greece --> |date=2020-03-20 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0 |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325084602/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0 |archive-date=2020-03-25}}</ref><ref name="Hensley_20200323">{{cite web |author-first=Laura |author-last=Hensley |title=Social distancing is out, physical distancing is in — here's how to do it |work=[[Global News]] |date=2020-03-23 |publisher=[[Corus Entertainment Inc.]] |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6717166/what-is-physical-distancing/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180136/https://globalnews.ca/news/6717166/what-is-physical-distancing/ |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref name="Venske_20200326">{{cite web |title=Die Wirkung von Sprache in Krisenzeiten |language=de |trans-title=The effect of language in times of crisis |date=2020-03-26 |editor-first=Andrea |editor-last=Schwyzer |author-first=Regula |author-last=Venske |author-link=:de:Regula Venske |type=Interview |publisher=[[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] |series=NDR Kultur |url=https://www.ndr.de/kultur/Corona-Die-Wirkung-von-Sprache-in-Krisenzeiten,venske118.html |access-date=2020-03-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214038/https://www.ndr.de/kultur/Corona-Die-Wirkung-von-Sprache-in-Krisenzeiten,venske118.html |archive-date=2020-03-27}} (NB. Regula Venske is president of the [[PEN Centre Germany]].)</ref> ay kalipunan ng mga di-parmasyutikong kilos ng [[Kontrol ng impeksiyon|pagpigil sa impeksiyon]] na nilayon upang ihinto o pabagalin ang pagkalat ng isang [[Pagkakahawa|nakahahawang sakit]] sa pamamagitan ng pagpapanatili ng pisikal na distansiya sa pagitan ng mga tao at pagbabawas ng pagkakataon na makalapit ang mga tao sa isa't isa.<ref name="WHO_20200320" /><ref name="JohnsonSunFreedman 2020" /> Sangkot dito ang pagpapanatili ng distansiya ng dalawang metro (anim na talampakan) mula sa ibang tao at pag-iiwas sa pagtitipun-tipon sa malalaking grupo.<ref name="Pearce2020" /><ref name="CDC22March2020" />

Sa pagbabawas ng probabilidad na makakapag-ugnay ang isang di-nahawahang tao sa isang nahawang tao, maaaring masugpo ang [[transmission (medicine)|pagkalat ng sakit]], na nagbubunga ng [[Mortality rate|mas kaunting kamatayan]].<ref name="WHO_20200320"/><ref name="JohnsonSunFreedman 2020">{{cite newspaper |author-last1=Johnson |author-first1=Carolyn Y. |author-last2=Sun |author-first2=Lena |author-last3=Freedman |author-first3=Andrew |title=Social distancing could buy U.S. valuable time against coronavirus: It's a make-or-break moment with coronavirus to test one of the most basic — but disruptive — public health tools |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=2020-03-10 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/10/social-distancing-coronavirus/ |access-date=2020-03-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327163232/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/10/social-distancing-coronavirus/ |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> Isinasama ang mga hakbang sa mabuting kalinisan ng palahingahan at [[paghuhugas ng kamay]].<ref name="WHO2May2009"/><ref name="gov.ukSD">{{Cite web |title=Guidance on social distancing for everyone in the UK |author-last= |author-first= |date= |website=GOV.UK |language=en |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-guidance-on-social-distancing-and-for-vulnerable-people/guidance-on-social-distancing-for-everyone-in-the-uk-and-protecting-older-people-and-vulnerable-adults |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> Noong [[pandemya ng COVID-19]], iminungkahi ng [[Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan]] (WHO) ang pagtukoy sa "pisikal" bilang alternatibo sa "panlipunan", bilang pagsunod sa palagay na distansiyang pisikal ang pumipigil sa pagkalat; mananatiling konektado ang mga tao sa iba sa pamamagitan ng teknolohiya.<ref name="WHO_20200320"/><ref name="Hensley_20200323"/><ref name="Tangermann_20200324">{{cite web |title=It's Officially Time to Stop Using The Phrase 'Social Distancing'<!-- The WHO Wants You to Ditch the Phrase "Social Distancing" --> |date=2020-03-24 |orig-year=2020-03-20 |author-first=Victor |author-last=Tangermann |work=science alert (Futurism / The Byte) |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/who-is-no-longer-using-the-phrase-social-distancing |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180149/https://www.sciencealert.com/who-is-no-longer-using-the-phrase-social-distancing |archive-date=2020-03-29}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180155/https://futurism.com/the-byte/who-ditch-phrase-social-distancing]</ref>

Upang magpabagal sa pagkalat ng mga nakahahawang sikat at makaiwas sa pagpapabigat sa sistemang pangkalusugan, lalo na tuwing [[pandemya]], isinasagawa ang iilang hakbang ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan. Kabilang dito ang pagsasara ng paaralan at opisina, [[Pagbubukod (kalusugan)|pagbubukod]], [[kuwarentena]], [[kordong sanitaryo|paghahadlang sa paggalaw ng mga tao]] at pagkakansela ng mga [[pagtitipon]].<ref name="JohnsonSunFreedman 2020" /><ref name="cdc2007" /> Matagumpay na ipinatupad ang ganitong mga hakbang sa iilang nakaraang epidemya. Sa [[Saint Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], di-nagtagal pagkatapos matutop ang mga unang kaso ng trangkaso sa lungsod noong [[pandemya ng trangkaso ng 1918]], ipinatupad ng mga awtoridad ang pagsasara ng mga paaralan, pagbabawal sa mga pagtitipun-tipon at iba pang hakbang ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan. Hindi gaanong karami ang bilang ng namatay sa St. Louis kaysa sa [[Philadelphia]], kung saan sa kabila ng pagkakaroon ng mga kaso ng trangkaso, ay pumayag sa pagpapatuloy ng parada at nagsagawa lamang ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan pagkaraan ng dalawang linggo pagkatapos ng mga unang kaso.<ref name="Ryan2008">{{Cite book |author-last=Ryan |author-first=Jeffrey R. |title=Pandemic Influenza: Emergency Planning and Community Preparedness |chapter=Chapter 6.3.3. Response and Containment: Lessons from the 1918 Pandemic Can Help Communities Today |date=2008-08-01 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-1-4200-6088-1 |location= |pages=123–133 [133] |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t13C_eWhOX4C&pg=PA133 |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329073524/https://books.google.com/books?id=t13C_eWhOX4C&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y |archive-date=2020-03-29}}</ref>

Pinakaepektibo ang pagdidistansiyang panlipunan kapag naipapasa ang impeksiyon sa pamamagitan ng mumunting patak (pag-ubo o pagbahing); direktang pisikal na kontak, kabilang ang pakikipagtalik; di-tuwirang pisikal na kontak (hal. paghawak sa kontaminadong bagay); o [[ Sakit sa eruplano |pagkalat sa hangin]] (kung nakabubuhay ang mikroorganismo sa hangin nang matagal na panahon).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf |title="Information about Social Distancing," Santa Clara Public Health Department. |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2020-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327162348/http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Di-gaanong epektibo ang mga hakbang sa mga kaso kung saan ang pangunahing paraan ng transmisyon ay sa pamamagitan ng [[Rutang pandumi-pambibig|kontaminadong tubig o pagkain]] o ng mga [[ Vector (epidemiology) |bektor]] tulad ng lamok o iba pang mga insekto, at di-gaanong madalas, mula sa bawat tao.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/community_mitigation-sm.pdf "Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States—Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions," CDC, Feb 2007]</ref>

Maaaring kabilang sa mga disbentaha ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan ang [[ Kalungkutan |kalumbayan]], bawas sa [[pagiging produktibo]], at pagkawala ng mga iba pang benepisyo kaugnay sa [[pakikipag-ugnayan sa ibang tao]].<ref name="Brooks26Feb2020">{{Cite journal |author-last1=Brooks |author-first1=Samantha K. |author-last2=Webster |author-first2=Rebecca K. |author-last3=Smith |author-first3=Louise E. |author-last4=Woodland |author-first4=Lisa |author-last5=Wessely |author-first5=Simon |author-link5=Simon Wessely |author-last6=Greenberg |author-first6=Neil |author-link6=Neil Greenberg |author-last7=Rubin |author-first7=Gideon James |date=2020-03-14 |title=The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence |url=https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930460-8 |journal=[[The Lancet]] |language=en |volume=395 |issue=10227 |pages=912–920 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=32112714}}</ref>

== Kahulugan ==
Inilarawan ng [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Mga Sentro sa Pag-iwas at Pagkontrol sa Sakit]] (CDC) ang pagdidistansiyang panlipunan bilang isang kalipunan ng mga "paraan upang mabawasan ang dalas at pagkalapit ng kontak ng mga tao upang mabawasan ang panganib ng pagkakalat ng sakit".<ref name="cdc2007" /> Noong pandemya ng COVID-19, binago ng CDC ang kahulugan ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan bilang "pagpapanatili sa pag-iiwas sa loob ng mga kongregasyon, pag-iiwas sa pagtitipun-tipon, at pagpapanatili ng distansiya (halos 6 talampakan o 2 metro) mula sa iba kung posible."<ref name="Pearce2020">{{Cite web|title=What is social distancing and how can it slow the spread of COVID-19?|author-last=Pearce|author-first=Katie|date=2020-03-13|website=The Hub|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]]|language=en|url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/13/what-is-social-distancing/|access-date=2020-03-29|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref><ref name="CDC22March2020">{{Cite web|title=Risk Assessment and Management|date=2020-03-22|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/risk-assessment.html|access-date=2020-03-29|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref>

Dati, inilarawan ng WHO ang pagdidistansiyang panlipunan bilang "pagpapanatili ng layo sa iba na hindi bababa sa dipa, [at] pagbabawas ng mga pagtitipon".<ref name="WHO2May2009">{{Cite web|title=Pandemic influenza prevention and mitigation in low resource communities|date=2009-05-02|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|url=https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/PI_summary_low_resource_02_05_2009.pdf?ua=1|access-date=2020-03-29|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Isinasama ito sa mabuting kalinisan sa palahingahan at paghuhugas ng kamay, at itinuturing bilang pinakamaisasagawang paraan upang mabawasan o iantala ang pandemya.<ref name="WHO2May2009" />

== Mga hakbang ==
[[File:Covid-19_flatten_the_curve_-_cropped_version_(no_cartoon).gif|thumb|upright=1.5|Nakatutulong ang pagpapalayong panlipunan sa matalas na rurok ng impeksiyon ("flattens the [[epidemic curve]]") para maiwasan na matabunan ang mga serbisyong pangkalusugan.<ref name="Wiles_20200309">{{cite web |author-last=Wiles |author-first=Siouxsie |author-link=Siouxsie Wiles |title=The three phases of Covid-19 – and how we can make it manageable |date=2020-03-09 |work=[[The Spinoff]] |location=Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |access-date=2020-03-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327120015/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref name="Wiles_20200314">{{cite web |author-last=Wiles |author-first=Siouxsie |author-link=Siouxsie Wiles |title=After 'Flatten the Curve', we must now 'Stop the Spread'. Here's what that means |date=2020-03-14 |work=[[The Spinoff]] |location=Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/ |access-date=2020-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326232315/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/ |archive-date=2020-03-26}}</ref><ref name="Anderson_20200309">{{cite journal |author-last1=Anderson |author-first1=Roy Malcom |author-link1=Roy Malcolm Anderson |author-last2=Heesterbeek |author-first2=Hans J. A. P. |author-last3=Klinkenberg |author-first3=Don |author-last4=Hollingsworth |author-first4=T. Déirdre |author-link4=:wikidata:Q42660467 |date=2020-03-09 |title=How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? |journal=[[The Lancet]] |language=en |volume=395 |issue=10228 |pages=931–934 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=32164834 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/abstract |access-date=2020-03-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327110325/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/fulltext |archive-date=2020-03-27 |quote=A key issue for epidemiologists is helping policy makers decide the main objectives of mitigation—e.g., minimising morbidity and associated mortality, avoiding an epidemic peak that overwhelms health-care services, keeping the effects on the economy within manageable levels, and flattening the epidemic curve to wait for vaccine development and manufacture on scale and antiviral drug therapies.}}</ref>]]

Ang kaalaman na kumakalat ang isang sakit ay maaaring magpasimula ng [[behaviour change (public health)|pagbabago sa ugali]] ng mga taong pumipiling umiiwas mula sa mga pampublikong lugar at ibang tao. Kapag ipinapatupad upang kontrolin ang mga epidemya, ang ganoong pagdidistansiya ay makabubunga ng benepisyo subalit may lugi sa ekonomiya. Ipinapahayag ng mga saliksik na kailangang isabuhay nang mahigpit upang maging epektibo.<ref name="Maharaj2012">{{cite journal |author-last1=Maharaj |author-first1=Savi |author-last2=Kleczkowski |author-first2=Adam |date=2012 |title=Controlling epidemic spread by social distancing: Do it well or not at all |journal=[[BioMed Central|BMC Public Health]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=679 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-679 |pmid=22905965 |pmc=3563464}}</ref> Ginagamit ang iilang hakbang ng pagdidistansiya upang pigilan ang pagkakalat ng mga nakahahawang sakit.<ref name="cdc2007">{{cite web |author-first1=Kathy |author-last1=Kinlaw |author-first2=Robert J. |author-last2=Levine |title=Ethical guidelines in Pandemic Influenza – Recommendations of the Ethics Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee to the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |date=2007-02-15 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/phethics/docs/panflu_ethic_guidelines.pdf |access-date=2020-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205095942/https://www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/phethics/docs/panflu_ethic_guidelines.pdf |archive-date=2020-02-05}} (12 pages)</ref><ref name="cidrap">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf|title=Information about social distancing|last=|first=|date=|website=www.cidrap.umn.edu|publisher=Public Health Department: Santa Clara Valley Health & Hospital System|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327162348/http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf|archive-date=27 Marso 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Pearce2020"/>

===Pag-iiwas ng pisikal na kontak===
[[File:Covid-19-Handshake-Alternatives-v3.gif|thumb|upright=1.5|Kasama sa pagdidistansiyang panlipunan ang pag-alis ng pakikipag-ugnayang pisikal na nangyayari sa pangkaraniwang [[pakikipagkamay]], [[ Hug |yakap]], [[apir]], o [[hongi]]; itinatampok sa larawang ito ang walong alternatibo.]]
Ang pagpapanatili ng distansiya ng dalawang metro mula sa iba at pag-iiwas sa yakap at [[List of gestures|kilos]] na may direktang pisikal na kontak, ay nagbabawas sa panganib na mahawahan tuwing mga [[pandemya]] ng trangkaso at pandemya ng coronavirus ng 2020.<ref name="Pearce2020"/><ref name="osha">{{cite web |title=Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for an Influenza Pandemic |id=OSHA 3327-02N 2007 |work=[[Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Labor]] |url=https://www.osha.gov/Publications/influenza_pandemic.html |access-date=2020-03-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325141049/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/influenza_pandemic.html |archive-date=2020-03-25 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325141049/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/influenza_pandemic.html |date=2020-03-25 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200319163737/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3327pandemic.pdf]</ref> Inirerekumenda rin ang ganitong mga pagdidistansiya, pati na rin ang mga hakbang sa pansariling kalinisan, sa mga lugar ng trabaho.<ref name="UofCh">{{Cite web |title=Social Distancing |publisher=Department of Safety & Security, [[The University of Chicago]] |date=2015 |website=safety-security.uchicago.edu |url=https://safety-security.uchicago.edu/emergency_management/all_hazard_safety_procedures/social_distancing/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324150358/https://safety-security.uchicago.edu/emergency_management/all_hazard_safety_procedures/social_distancing/ |archive-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> Saanman maaari mairerekumendang [[telecommuting|magtrabaho sa bahay]].<ref name="gov.ukSD"/>

Iminungkahi ang mga iba't ibang alternatibo sa kaugalian ng [[pakikipagkamay]]. Isang alternatibo ang kilos ng [[namaste]], paglalapat ng mga palad, daliri pataas, mga kamay patungo sa puso. Noong [[ 2020 coronavirus pandemic sa United Kingdom |2020 pandemya ng coronavirus sa Reyno Unido]], ginamit ni [[Charles, Prinsipe ng Wales|Prinsipe Charles]] ang kilos na sa kanyang pagbati sa mga bisita, at inirekomenda ng Direktor-Heneral ng [[Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan]], [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]], at Israeling Punong Ministro na si [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref name="Barajas13March2020">{{Cite web|title=Joined palms, hands on hearts, Vulcan salutes: Saying hello in a no-handshake era|author-last1=Barajas|author-first1=Julia|author-last2=Etehad|author-first2=Melissa|date=2020-03-13|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-13/coronavirus-namaste-greetings-handshakes-noncontact|access-date=2020-03-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327064424/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-13/coronavirus-namaste-greetings-handshakes-noncontact|archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> Kinabibilangan ng iba pang mga alternatibo ang [[ Wave (kilos) |kaway]], [[ Shaka sign |pagsa-''shaka'' (o "''hang loose sign''")]], at paglalagay ng palad patungo sa puso, tulad ng isinasagawa sa mga bahagi ng Iran.<ref name="Barajas13March2020" /><gallery>
Talaksan:Social Distancing in a Computer Lab.jpg|Sa kompyuterang ito, isinara ang lahat ng iba pang ''workstation'' para lumaki ang distansiya sa pagitan ng mga taong nagtatrabaho
Talaksan:Social Distancing Sign @ London Drugs (49684963711).jpg|Makatutulong sa mga tao ang mga marka sa sahig para manatili nila ang distansiya sa mga pampublikong lugar
</gallery>

=== Pagsara ng paaralan ===
[[Talaksan:Swineflu_uk_hpa_model.svg|thumb|right|upright=1|Lingguhang kaso ng trangkasong baboy sa UK ng 2009.''Pagmomodelo ng Ahensiya sa Proteksiyon ng Kalusugan''<ref name="HPApress">{{cite web|title=2009 Press Releases|date=24 December 2009|publisher=Health Protection Agency|accessdate=24 December 2009|url=http://www.hpa.org.uk/HPA/NewsCentre/NationalPressReleases/2009PressReleases/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224065403/http://www.hpa.org.uk/HPA/NewsCentre/NationalPressReleases/2009PressReleases/|archivedate=24 Disyembre 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
Ipinakita ng pagmomodelo sa sipnayan na maaaring ipagliban ng pagsasara ng mga paaralan ang pagkalat ng siklab. Gayunpaman, nakadepende ang bisa sa mga kontak na pinapanatili ng mga kabataan sa labas ng paaralan. Kadalasan, kailangang magbakasyon sa trabaho ang isang magulang, at kailangang pahabain ang pagsasara, at maaaring magbunga ito ng pagkasira sa lipunan at ekonomiya.<ref name="Zumla2010">{{Cite book|last=Zumla|first=Alimuddin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9CQn9C4JaQC&pg=PA614|title=Emerging Respiratory Infections in the 21st Century, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics|last2=Yew|first2=Wing-Wai|last3=Hui|first3=David S. C.|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|volume=24|number=3|year=|isbn=978-1-4557-0038-7|location=|pages=614|language=en}}</ref><ref name="CauchemezFerguson2009">{{cite journal|pmid=19628172|last6=Duncan|first1=Simon|last2=Ferguson|first2=Neil M|last3=Wachtel|first3=Claude|last4=Tegnell|first4=Anders|last5=Saour|first5=Guillaume|last1=Cauchemez|last7=Nicoll|first6=Ben|first7=Angus|title=Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|url=https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2809%2970176-8|volume=9|issue=8|year=2009|pages=473–481|issn=14733099|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70176-8}}</ref>

=== Pagsasara ng opisina ===
Iminumungkahi ng mga pag-aaral sa [[Modeling and simulation|pagmodelo at paimbabaw]] batay sa data ng Estados Unidos na kung sarado ang 10% ng apektadong opisina, ang kabuuang antas ng pagkalat ay humigit-kumulang 11.9% at naipagpaliban nang kaunti ang rurok-oras ng epidemya. Sa kabila nito, kung sarado ang 33% ng mga apektadong opisina, bumababa ang antas sa 4.9%, at naantala ang rurok-oras nang isang linggo.<ref>{{cite journal  |author-last1=Rousculp |author-first1=Matthew D. |author-last2=Johnston |author-first2=Stephen S. |author-last3=Palmer |author-first3=Liisa A. |author-last4=Chu |author-first4=Bong-Chul |author-last5=Mahadevia |author-first5=Parthiv J. |author-last6=Nichol |author-first6=Kristin L. |date=October 2010 |title=Attending Work While Sick: Implication of Flexible Sick Leave Policies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-occupational-and-environmental-medicine_2010-10_52_10/page/1009 |journal=[[Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |volume=52 |issue=10 |pages=1009–1013 |doi=10.1097/jom.0b013e3181f43844 |pmid=20881626}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Kumar |author-first1=Supriya |author-last2=Crouse Quinn |author-first2=Sandra |author-last3=Kim |author-first3=Kevin H. |author-last4=Daniel |author-first4=Laura H. |author-last5=Freimuth |author-first5=Vicki S. |title=The Impact of Workplace Policies and Other Social Factors on Self-Reported Influenza-Like Illness Incidence During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic |date=January 2012 |journal=[[American Journal of Public Health]] |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=134–140 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2011.300307 |pmid=22095353 |pmc=3490553}}</ref> Kabilang sa pagsasara ng opisina ang pagsasara ng mga "'di-esensiyal" na negosyo at serbisyong panlipunan (ang ibig sabihin ng "'di-esensiyal" ay mga pasilidad na hindi nagpapatakbo ng pangunahing tungkulin sa komunidad, kung ihahambing sa [[essential services|serbisyong esensiyal]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Social Distancing Support Guidelines For Pandemic Readiness |publisher=[[Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment]] |date=March 2008 |url=https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/OEPR_Guidelines-for-Social-Distancing-Pandemic-Readiness.pdf |access-date=2017-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213001535/https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/OEPR_Guidelines-for-Social-Distancing-Pandemic-Readiness.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-13 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213001535/https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/OEPR_Guidelines-for-Social-Distancing-Pandemic-Readiness.pdf |date=2017-02-13 }}</ref>

=== Pagkansela ng pagtitipon ===
Kabilang sa pagkakansela ng mga [[mass gathering|pagtitipun-tipon]] ang mga palakasan, pelikulang o musikas palabas.<ref>{{cite journal|author-first1=Robert|publisher=National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515032806/https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/519F9392797E2DDCCA257D47001B9948/$File/Social.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=2015-05-15|url=https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/519F9392797E2DDCCA257D47001B9948/$File/Social.pdf|pmid=24630149|doi=10.1016/j.prrv.2014.01.003|pages=119–126|author-last1=Booy|issue=2|volume=16|date=2015|journal=[[:de:Paediatric Respiratory Reviews|Paediatric Respiratory Reviews]]|title=Evidence compendium and advice on social distancing and other related measures for response to an influenza pandemic|author-last2=Ward|author-first2=James|archive-date=2015-05-15}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515032806/https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/519F9392797E2DDCCA257D47001B9948/$File/Social.pdf |date=2015-05-15 }} (13 pages)</ref> Hindi tiyak ang ebidensiya na nagmumungkahi na pinapataas ng mga pagtitipon ang potensiyal para sa pagkalat ng sakit.<ref>Thomas V. Inglersby et al, [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.556.2672&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Disease Mitigation Measures in the Control of Pandemic Influenza"], ''Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Biodefense Strategy & Science'', Volume 4, Number 4, 2006</ref> Iminumungkahi ng mga [[Anecdotal evidence|anekdota]] na maaaring maiugnay ang mga iilang uri ng pagtitipon sa mas malaking panganib sa  [[Influenza#Transmission|pagkalat ng trangkaso]], at maaaring "maglahi" ng mga bagong uri sa lugar, na pasimuno ng pagkalat sa komunidad sa isang [[pandemya]]. Noong pandemya ng trangkaso ng 1918, ang mga [[Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade|parada ng militar sa Philadelphia]]<ref name="Davis_20180921">{{cite magazine |author-first=Kenneth C. |author-last=Davis |author-link=Kenneth C. Davis |title=Philadelphia Threw a WWI Parade That Gave Thousands of Onlookers the Flu |magazine=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |date=2018-09-21 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/philadelphia-threw-wwi-parade-gave-thousands-onlookers-flu-180970372/ |access-date=2020-03-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327222425/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/philadelphia-threw-wwi-parade-gave-thousands-onlookers-flu-180970372/ |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> at Boston<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/influenza-boston/ "The Flu in Boston"], ''American Experience'', WGBH</ref> ay maaaring naging responsable sa pagkalat sa sakit sa pamamagitan ng paghahalubilo ng mga nahawang marino sa mga pulutong ng sibilyano. Makatutulong sa pagbawas ng pagkalat ang restriksiyon ng mga pagtitipon, kasama ng mga iba pang pakikialam ukol sa pagdidistansiya.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ishola DA, Phin N|year=2011|title=Could influenza transmission be reduced by restricting mass gatherings? Towards an evidence-based policy framework|url=|journal=Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health|volume=1|issue=1|pages=33–60|doi=10.1016/j.jegh.2011.06.004|pmid=23856374}}</ref>

=== Restriksiyon sa pagbibiyahe ===
Malayong mangyari ang pag-aantala ng epidemya nang higit sa 2–3 linggo dahil sa restriksiyon sa hangganan o restriksiyon sa pagbibiyahe sa loob maliban kung itinupad ito na may higit sa 99% saklaw.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ferguson NM, Cummings DA, Fraser C, Cajka JC, Cooley PC, Burke DS|year=2006|title=Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic|journal=Nature|volume=442|issue=7101|pages=448–52|doi=10.1038/nature04795|pmid=16642006|bibcode=2006Natur.442..448F}}</ref> Nadiskubre na hindi mabisa ang pag-iiskrin sa paliparan sa pagpigil ng pagkalat ng virus noong siklab ng SARS ng 2003 sa Canada<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bell DM, World, Community|year=2004|title=Public health interventions and SARS spread, 2003|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no11/04-0729.htm|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=10|issue=11|pages=1900–1906|doi=10.3201/eid1011.040729|pmid=15550198|pmc=3329045}}</ref> at sa Estados Unidos.<ref>Martin Cetron et al. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92450/ "Isolation and Quarantine: Containment Strategies for SARS, 2003"], from ''Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak'', National Academy of Sciences, 2004. {{ISBN|0309594332}}</ref>  Naging epektibo raw ang mga ipinataw na istriktong kontrol sa mga hangganan sa pagitan ng [[Austria|Austrya]] at ang [[Imperyong Otomano]], na ipinataw mula 1770 hanggang 1871 upang pigilan na pumasok sa Austrya ang mga taong nahawa ng [[Bubonic plague|salot buboniko]], dahil hindi nagkaroon ng mga malalaking siklab ng salot sa teritoryo ng Austrya pagkatapos itong itinatag, samantalang patuloy na nakaranas ang Imperyong Otomano ng mga madadalas na epidemya ng salot hanggang ang gitna ng ikalabinsiyam na siglo.<ref name="Kohn">George C. Kohn, [http://www.academia.dk/MedHist/Sygdomme/PDF/Encyclopedia_of_Pestilence_Pandemics_and_Plagues.pdf ''Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present'', Infobase Publishing, 2007; p. 30.] {{ISBN|1438129238}}</ref>

Ayon sa pagsusuri ng [[Northeastern University]] na inilathala noong Marso 2020, "pinapabagal lang ng mga restriksiyon sa pagbibiyahe papunta at paalis ng Tsina ang pandaigdigang pagkalat ng [[COVID-19]] [kapag] isinama ito ng mga tangka sa pagbawas ng pagkalat sa antas ng komunidad at indibidwal.... Hindi sapat ang mga restriksiyon sa pagbibiyahe maliban kung isinama ito ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan."<ref>Emily Arntsen, [https://news.northeastern.edu/2020/03/06/to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19-close-doors-not-borders-new-report-says/ "Closing borders can delay, but can't stop the spread of COVID-19, new report says"], ''News@Northeastern'', March 6, 2020.</ref> Natuklasan ng pagsusuri na ipinagpaliban lang ng restriksiyon sa pagbibiyahe sa Wuhan ang pagkalat ng sakit sa ibang bahagi ng kalupaang Tsina nang tatlo hanggang limang araw, ngunit binawas naman nito ang pagkalat ng mga pandaigdigang kaso nang hanggang 80 bahagdan. Isang pangunahing dahilan kung bakit hindi naging ganoong epektibo ang restriksiyon sa pagbibiyahe ay hindi nagpapakita ng sintomas ang karamihan ng mga may COVID-19 sa mga unang yugto ng impeksiyon.<ref>Matteo Chinazzi1, Jessica T. Davis1, Marco Ajelli, Corrado Gioannini, Maria Litvinova, Stefano Merler, Ana Pastore y Piontti1, Kunpeng Mu1, Luca Rossi, Kaiyuan Sun, Cécile Viboud, Xinyue Xiong, Hongjie Yu, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Ira M. Longini Jr. Alessandro Vespignani1, [https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/03/05/science.aba9757 "The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak"], ''Science'' 6 March 2020</ref>

===Pagpoprotekta sa sarili===
Kabilang sa mga hakbang para makaprotekta sa sarili ang paglilimita ng personal na pakikipag-ugnayan, pagsasagawa ng negosyo sa telepono o gamit ang Internet, pag-iiwas sa pampublikong lugar at pagbabawas sa 'di-kinakailangang pagbibiyahe.<ref name="Glass">{{cite journal |author-last1=Glass |author-first1=Robert J. |author-last2=Glass |author-first2=Laura M. |author-last3=Beyeler |author-first3=Walter E. |author-last4=Min |author-first4=H. Jason |doi=10.3201/eid1211.060255 |title=Targeted Social Distancing Designs for Pandemic Influenza |journal=[[Emerging Infectious Diseases]] |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |date=November 2006 |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=1671–1681 |pmid=17283616 |pmc=3372334 |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0255_article |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323042313/https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0255_article |archive-date=2020-03-23}}</ref><ref name="SDG">{{cite web |title=Social Distancing Guidelines (for workplace communicable disease outbreaks) |date=2017 |publisher=[[Society for Human Resource Management]] |url=https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/policies/pages/cms_016204.aspx |access-date=2017-04-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423071438/https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/policies/pages/cms_016204.aspx |archive-date=2017-04-23 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423071438/https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/policies/pages/cms_016204.aspx |date=2017-04-23 }}</ref><ref name=HeartMatters>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/whats-the-difference-between-shielding-self-isolation-and-social-distancing|title=What's the difference between shielding, self-isolation and social distancing?|website=www.bhf.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29|archive-date=2020-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329185017/https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/whats-the-difference-between-shielding-self-isolation-and-social-distancing|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329185017/https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/whats-the-difference-between-shielding-self-isolation-and-social-distancing |date=2020-03-29 }}</ref>

=== Kuwarentena ng posibleng kaso ===
Noong siklab ng [[SARS]] ng 2003 sa Singgapura, napasailalim ang halos 8,000 katao sa sapilitang kuwarentena sa bahay at kinailangan ang higit pang 4,300 na magsubaybay sa sarili para sa mga sintomas at kumontak bawat araw sa mga awtoridad ng kalusugan bilang paraan upang kontrolin ang epidemya. Bagaman 58 lang ng mga indibidwal na ito na kalaunang nasuri na may SARS, nasiyahan ang mga opisyal ng kalusugan ng bayan na nakatulong ang hakbang sa pag-iwas sa higit pang pagkalat ng impeksiyon.<ref>Chorh-Chuan Tan, [http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/sars_outbreak_lessons.pdf "SARS in Singapore – Key Lessons from an Epidemic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174153/http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/sars_outbreak_lessons.pdf |date=2017-04-24 }}, ''Annals Academy of Medicine'', May 2006, Vol. 35 No.5.</ref> Maaaring nakapagtulong ang kusang-loob na paghihiwalay ng sarili sa pagkalat ng trangkaso sa Texas noong 2009.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Teh B, Olsen K, Black J, Cheng AC, Aboltins C, Bull K ''et al.''|year=2012|title=Impact of swine influenza and quarantine measures on patients and households during the H1N1/09 pandemic|url=|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=44|issue=4|pages=289–296|doi=10.3109/00365548.2011.631572|pmid=22106922}}</ref> Naiulat ang mga panandaliang at pangmatagalang negatibong epekto sa sikolohiya.<ref name="Brooks26Feb2020"/>

=== Kordon sanitaryo ===
Noong 1995 ginamit ang kordon sanitaryo upang pigilan ang siklab ng [[Ebola virus disease|sakit ng Ebola virus]] sa [[Kikwit]], [[Zaire]].<ref>Laurie Garrett, [https://newrepublic.com/article/119085/ebola-cordon-sanitaire-when-it-worked-congo-1995 "Heartless but Effective: I've Seen 'Cordon Sanitaire' Work Against Ebola"], ''The New Republic'', 14 August 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037078.htm "Outbreak of Ebola Viral Hemorrhagic Fever -- Zaire, 1995" ''Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report'', 19 May 1995 / 44(19);381-382]</ref><ref name="Kaplan">Rachel Kaplan Hoffmann and Keith Hoffmann, [http://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/?p=8357 "Ethical Considerations in the Use of Cordons Sanitaires"], ''Clinical Correlations'', 19 February 2015.</ref> Pinalibutan ni Pangulong [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] ang bayan ng mga hukbo at isinuspende ang lahat ng mga paglipad patungo sa komunidad. Sa loob ng Kikwit, itinayo ng [[Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan]] at mga pangkat ng manggagamot sa Zaire ng mga higit pang kordon sanitaryo, hiniwalay ang mga libingan at pinaggamutan mula sa pangkalahatang populasyon at nagtagumpay sa paglilimita ng impeksiyon.<ref>Laurie Garrett, ''Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health'', Hachette Books, 2011 {{ISBN|1401303862}}</ref> 

=== Pamprotektang pagsamsam ===
Noong [[epidemya ng influenza ng 1918|epidemya ng trangkaso ng 1918]], ibinukod ng bayan ng [[Gunnison, Colorado]], ang sarili nang dalawang buwan upang iwasan ang paghahantad ng impeksiyon. Binakaridahan ang lahat ng lansangang-bayan at ikinuwarentenas ang mga nakarating na pasahero nang limang araw. Bilang resulta ng pagbubukod, walang namatay sa trangkaso sa Gunnison noong pandemya.<ref>[http://chm.med.umich.edu/research/1918-influenza-escape-communities/gunnison/ Gunnison: Case Study], University of Michigan Medical School, Center for the History of Medicine</ref> Pinagtibay rin ng iilang komunidad ang mga ganoong hakbang.<ref name="Markel">[https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/12/pdfs/06-0506.pdf H. Markel, A.M. Stern,  J. A. Navarro, J. R. Michalsen, A. S. Monto, and C. DiGiovanni, "Nonpharmaceutical Influenza Mitigation Strategies, US Communities, 1918–1920 Pandemic"], ''Emerging Infectious Diseases'', Vol. 12, No. 12, December 2006.</ref>

Kabilang sa mga ibang hakbang ang pagsasara o paglilimita ng [[Mass transit|''mass transit'']]<ref>{{Cite news|author-last=Taylor|author-first=Kate|title=No Bus Service. Crowded Trains. Transit Systems Struggle With the Virus. - U.S. cities with public transit systems are being forced to adapt to the risks posed by the coronavirus, implementing new sanitation protocols while contending with fewer riders and workers.|date=2020-03-20|orig-year=2020-03-17|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/us/coronavirus-buses-trains-detroit-boston.html|access-date=2020-03-25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325024853/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/us/coronavirus-buses-trains-detroit-boston.html|archive-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> at pagsasara ng mga pasilidad sa paglilibang (mga languyan ng komunidad, samahan ng kabataan, at himnasyo).<ref>{{cite web|title=Flu Pandemic Mitigation - Social Distancing|website=globalsecurity.org|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/ops/hsc-scen-3_flu-pandemic-distancing.htm|access-date=2020-03-23|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322163703/https://www.globalsecurity.org/security/ops/hsc-scen-3_flu-pandemic-distancing.htm|archive-date=2020-03-22}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="200">
Talaksan:Mole2.JPG|Ang [[Lazzaretto of Ancona|Lazzaretto ng Ancona]] ay isang ika-18 siglong gusali na itinayo sa artipisyal na pulo upang magsilbi bilang [[estasyong pangkuwarentena]] at [[Leprosarium|leprosaryo]] para sa daugnang bayan ng  [[Ancona]], Italya.
Talaksan:Leprosorium.jpg|Hindi pinapasok sa bayan ang dalawang ketongin.Ukit-kahoy ni [[Vincent of Beauvais|Vincent ng Beauvais]], ika-14 na siglo 
</gallery>

== Kasaysayan ==
Itinayo ang mga [[kolonya ng mga ketongin]] at ''[[lazaretto]]'' bilang paraan para pigilan ang pagkalat ng [[ketong]] at iba pang nakahahawang sakit sa pamamagitan ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan,<ref>{{cite book |author-first=Charles Léon |author-last=Souvay |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |title-link=Catholic Encyclopedia |date=1913 |volume=9 |chapter=Leprosy |chapter-url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Leprosy |access-date=2020-03-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200328203733/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Leprosy |archive-date=2020-03-28 }}</ref> hangga't naintindihan ang pagkakalat at naimbento ang mga epektibong panggamot.

===Epidemya ng polio ng 1916 sa Lungsod ng New York===
[[Talaksan:Popular_science_monthly_(1872)_(14596283227).jpg|thumb|Isinara ang mga liwasan at palaruan ng New York noong epidemya ng polio noong 1916.<ref name="PopSci2">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/popularsciencemo89newyuoft/page/400/mode/2up/search/flexner|title=Popular science monthly|date=1916|publication-place=New York, USA|publisher=[[D. Appleton]]|page=400}}</ref>]]
Noong [[1916 New York City polio epidemic|epidemya ng polio ng 1916 sa Lungsod ng New York]], noong may higit sa 27,000 kaso at higit sa 6,000 nangamatay dahil sa polio sa Estados Unidos, nang may higit sa 2,000 nangamatay sa Lungsod ng New York mismo, isinara ang mga sinehan, kinansela ang mga pulong, halos walang pagtitipon sa publiko, at binabalaan ang mga kabataan na huwag uminom sa mga paunten ng tubig, at sinabihan na iwasan ang mga parkeng libangan, languyan at dalampasigan.<ref name="Battin2009">{{Cite book|last=Battin|first=M. Pabst|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXDnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA351|title=The Patient as Victim and Vector: Ethics and Infectious Disease|last2=Francis|first2=Leslie P.|last3=Jacobson|first3=Jay A.|last4=Smith|first4=Charles B.|date=2009|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-533583-5|location=|pages=87|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Melnick_1996">{{cite journal|author=Melnick J.|title=Current status of poliovirus infections|url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/293|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=9|issue=3|pages=293–300|date=1 July 1996|pmid=8809461|pmc=172894|doi=10.1128/CMR.9.3.293|access-date=21 Marso 2020|archive-date=28 Septiyembre 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928101428/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/293|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928101428/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/293 |date=28 Septiyembre 2011 }}</ref>

Noong [[pandemya ng coronavirus ng 2019–20]], binigyang-diin ang mga hakbang sa pagdidistansiyang panlipunan at ang mga may kaugnayan dito ng iilang pamahalaan bilang alternatibo sa ipinatupad na kuwarentena ng mga lugar na lubhang naapektuhan; halimbawa, sa Reyno Unido, ipinayo ng gobyerno sa publiko na iwasan ang mga pampublikong lugar, at kusang nagsara ang mga sinehan at teatro upang hikayatin ang mensahe ng pamahalaan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51925490|title=Most UK cinemas shut after virus advice|date=2020-03-17|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-03-21|language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Trangkaso, 1918 hanggang ngayon ===
[[Talaksan:165-WW-269B-11-trolley-l.jpg|thumb|Isang pasaherong walang mask na tinatanggihang sumakay sa isang [[Trambiya|trambya]] ([[Seattle]], Washington, 1918)]]

Noong [[1918 flu pandemic|pandemya ng trangkaso ng 1918]], natanaw ng Philadelphia ang kanyang mga unang kaso ng trangkaso noong 17 Setyembre.<ref name="Hatchett">{{cite journal |author-last1=Hatchett |author-first1=Richard J. |author-last2=Mecher |author-first2=Carter E. |author-last3=Lipsitch |author-first3=Marc |author-link3=:wikidata:Q28322531 |editor-first=Burton H. |editor-last=Singer |title=Public health interventions and epidemic intensity during the 1918 influenza pandemic |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/104/18/7582 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |volume=104 |issue=18 |pages=7582–7587 |date=2007-05-01 |orig-year=2007-04-06, 2007-02-14, 2006-12-09 |pmid=17416679 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0610941104 |pmc=1849867 |access-date=2020-03-19 |archive-date=2008-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309101000/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/104/18/7582 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309101000/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/104/18/7582 |date=2008-03-09 }}</ref><ref name="Ryan2008"/> Ipinatuloy ng lungsod ang naplanong parada at pagtitipon ng higit sa 200,000 katao sa tatlong kasunod na araw, okupadong okupado noon ang 31 ospital ng lungsod. Sa isang linggo, 4500 ang namatay.<ref name="Davis_20180921"/><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Influenza in 1918: Recollections of the Epidemic in Philadelphia |author-first=Isaac |author-last=Starr |author-link=Isaac Starr |journal=[[Annals of Internal Medicine]] |date=1976-10-01 |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=516–518 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-516 |language=en |pmid=788585}}</ref> Ipinatupad ang mga hakbang ng pagdidistansiya noong 3 Oktubre, higit sa dalawang linggo pagkatapos ng unang kaso.<ref name="Ryan2008"/> Di-katulad sa Philadelphia, natanaw ng St. Louis ang kanyang mga unang kaso ng trangkaso noong 5 Oktubre at umabot ng dalawang araw bago maipatupad ang iilang hakbang ng pagdidistansiya,<ref name="Ryan2008"/> kabilang ang pagsasara ng paaralan, teatro, at iba pang lugar kung saan nagtitipun-tipon ang mga tao. Pinagbawalan ang mga pampublikong pagtitipon, kabilang dito ang mga libing. Pinabagal ng mga aksiyon ang pagkalat ng trangkaso sa St. Louis, at hindi nagkaroon ng lubhang pagdami ng kaso at kamatayan, gaya ng nangyari sa Philadelphia.<ref name="Smith2007">{{Cite journal |author-last=Smith |author-first=Richard |author-link=Richard Smith (editor) |date=2007-06-30 |title=Social measures may control pandemic flu better than drugs and vaccines |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=334 |issue=7608 |page=1341 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39255.606713.DB |issn=0959-8138 |pmc=1906625 |pmid=17599996 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906625/pdf/bmj-334-7608-news-1341a.pdf |access-date=2020-03-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327222703/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906625/pdf/bmj-334-7608-news-1341a.pdf |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> Tumaas ang huling bilang ng namatay sa St. Louis kasunod ng ikalawang alon ng kaso, ngunit nanatiling mas mababa sa kabuuan kumpara sa mga ibang lungsod.<ref name="Kalnins">{{Cite journal |author-last=Kalnins |author-first=Irene |date=September 2006 |title=The Spanish influenza of 1918 in St. Louis, Missouri |journal=[[Public Health Nursing]] |location=Boston, Massachusetts, USA |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=479–483 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-1446.2006.00586.x |issn=0737-1209 |pmid=16961567}}</ref> Sinuri ni Bootsma at Ferguson ang mga pakikialam ng pagdidistansiya sa 16 Amerikanong lungsod noong epidemya ng 1918 at natuklas nila na ang mga pakikialam na may takdang oras ay nakapagbawas lamang ng pagkamatay nang katamtaman (marahil 10–30%), at kadalasang limitadong limitado ang dagok dahil nahuli na ang pakikialam at inalis nang masyadong maaga. Naobserbahan na nakaranas ang iilang lungsod ng ikalawang rurok ng epidemya pagkatapos alisin ang mga kontrol ng pagdidistansiya, dahil nalantad ang mga madaling tablan na dating protektado.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bootsma MC, Ferguson NM|title=The effect of public health measures on the 1918 influenza pandemic in U.S. cities|url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/104/18/7588|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A|volume=104|issue=18|pages=7588–7593|year=2007|pmid=17416677|doi=10.1073/pnas.0611071104|pmc=1849868|access-date=2020-03-19|archive-date=2020-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322145722/https://www.pnas.org/content/104/18/7588.full|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322145722/https://www.pnas.org/content/104/18/7588.full |date=2020-03-22 }}</ref>

Ipinakita na binawas ng pagsasara ng mga paaralan ng [[Morbidity|pagkamatay]] sa [[Influenza A virus subtype H2N2|Trangkasong Asyano]] nang 90% noong 1957–58 siklab,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chin TD, Foley JF, Doto IL, Gravelle CR, Weston J|year=1960|title=Morbidity and mortality characteristics of Asian strain influenza|url=|journal=Public Health Reports|volume=75|issue=2|pages=148–58|doi=10.2307/4590751|pmid=19316351|pmc=1929395|jstor=4590751}}</ref> at hanggang 50% sa pagkontrol ng influenza sa Estados Unidos, 2004–2008.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Wheeler CC, Erhart LM, Jehn ML|year=2010|title=Effect of school closure on the incidence of influenza among school -age children in Arizona|url=|journal=Public Health Reports|volume=125|issue=6|pages=851–859|doi=10.1177/003335491012500612|pmid=21121230|pmc=2966666}}</ref> Katulad nito, iniugnay ang mga sapilitang pagsasara ng mga paaralan at iba pang hakbang ng pagdidistansiya sa 29% hanggang 37% pagbawas sa kabilisan ng pagkalat ng influenza noong [[2009 influenza pandemic|epidemya ng trangkaso ng 2009]] sa Mehiko.<ref>[https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/flu-pandemic-study-supports-social-distancing Flu Pandemic Study Supports Social Distancing"], ''NIH Research Matters'', 6 June 2011.</ref>

Noong [[2009 flu pandemic in the United Kingdom|siklab ng trangkasong baboy ng 2009 sa UK]], sa isang artikulong pinamagatang "''Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic''" ("Pagsasara ng mga paaralan tuwing pandemya ng influenza") na inilathala sa ''[[The Lancet|Lancet Infectious Diseases]]'', inindorso ng pangkat ng epidemiologo ang pagsasara ng mga paaralan upang gambalain ang daloy ng impeksiyon, pabagalan ang higit pang pagkalat at bumili ng panahon upang manaliksik at bumuo ng bakuna.<ref name="Wardrop2009">{{Cite news|last=Wardrop|first=Murray|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/swine-flu/5874683/Swine-flu-schools-should-close-to-halt-spread-of-virus-ministers-told.html|title=Swine flu: schools should close to halt spread of virus, ministers told|date=21 July 2009|work=The Telegraph|access-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Matapos pag-aralan ng mga pandemya ng influenza kabilang ang  [[Spanish flu|pandemya ng trangkaso ng 1918]], ang [[Influenza A virus subtype H2N2|pandemya ng influenza ng 1957]] at ang [[1968 flu pandemic|pandemya ng influenza ng 1968]], nag-ulat sila tungkol sa epekto ng pagsasara ng mga paaralan sa ekonomiya at nagtatrabaho, lalo na dahil sa malaking bahagdan ng doktora at babaeng nars, kung kanino kalahati ay may batang wala pang 16 taong gulang. Tiningnan din nila ang dinamika ng pagkalat ng influenza sa Pransiya tuwing mga Pransesang holiday ng paaralan at itinala na bumaba ang mga kaso ng trangkaso noong nagsara ang mga paaralan at bumalik noong muli silang nagbukas. Itinala nila na noong nagwelga ang mga guro sa Israel noong panahon ng trangkaso ng 1999–2000, bumaba ang pagpapatingin sa doktor at ang bilang ng impeksiyon sa palahingahan nang higit pa sa ikalima at higit pa sa dalawang ikalima ayon sa pagkabanggit.<ref name="Reuters2009">{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-flu-schools-idUSTRE56J4OO20090720|title=Closing schools won't stop pandemics: study|date=20 July 2009|publisher=Reuters|access-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live|editor-last=Walsh|editor-first=Eric|language=en}}</ref>

=== SARS 2003 ===
Noong [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak|siklab ng SARS ng 2003]], dinagdagan ang mga hakbang ng pandaigdigang pagdidistansiya tulad ng pagbabawal ng malaking pagtitipon, pagsasara ng mga paaralan at teatro, at mga iba pang pampublikong lugar ang mga hakbang ng pampublikong kalusugan tulad ng paghahanap at pagbubukod ng apektadong tao, pagkukuwarentena sa kanilang nakisalamuha, at hakbang sa pagkokontrol ng impeksiyon. Isinama ito sa pagpapasuot ng mask sa mga ilang tao.<ref name="Bell2004">{{Cite journal |author-last=Bell |author-first=David M. |date=November 2004 |title=Public Health Interventions and SARS Spread, 2003 |journal=[[Emerging Infectious Diseases]] |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=1900–1906 |doi=10.3201/eid1011.040729 |issn=1080-6040 |pmc=3329045 |pmid=15550198}}</ref> Noong panahong ito sa Kanada, ginamit ang "kuwarantenang pampamayanan" upang mabawasan ang pagkalat ng sakit na may katamtamang tagumpay.<ref name=Bondy>{{cite journal |title=Quantifying the impact of community quarantine on SARS transmission in Ontario: estimation of secondary case count difference and number needed to quarantine |author-last1=Bondy |author-first1=Susan J. |author-last2=Russell |author-first2=Margaret L. |author-last3=Laflèche |author-first3=Julie M. L. |author-last4=Rea |author-first4=Elizabeth |date=2009-12-24 |pmid=20034405 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-9-488 |pmc=2808319 |volume=9 |journal=[[BMC Public Health]] |page=488 |issue=1}}</ref>

===Pandemya ng COVID-19===
{{main|Pandemya ng COVID-19}}

[[File:Katapult importance social distancing.gif|thumb|upright=1.6|Mga paimbabaw na naghahambing ng pagkalat ng impeksiyon, at bilang ng namatay dahil nasobrahan ang kapasidad ng mga ospital, kapag "karaniwan" ang mga pakikisalamuha (kaliwa, 200 ang malayang nakakikilos) at "nadistansiya" (kanan, 25 ang malayang nakakikilos).<br/>Luntian&nbsp;= Mga malulusog, di-nahawahanPula&nbsp;= Mga nahawa<br />Bughaw&nbsp;= Mga gumaling<br />Itim&nbsp;= Mga namatay]]

Noong pandemya ng COVID-19, binigyang-diin ang pagdidistansiyang panlipunan at kaugnay na hakbang ng iilang pamahalaan bilang alternatibo sa ipinatupad na kuwarentena ng mga lugar na naapektuhan nang malubha. Ayon sa pagsubaybay ng [[UNESCO]], higit sa 100 bansa ang nagpatupad ng [[Impact of the 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic on education|pagsasara ng paaralan sa buong bansa bilang tugon sa COVID-19]], na nakaapekto sa higit sa kalahting pandaigdigang populasyon ng estudyante.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response |date=2020-03-04 |website=[[UNESCO]] |language=en |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures |access-date=2020-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329110914/https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures |archive-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> Sa Reyno Unido, ipinayo ng gobyerno sa publiko ang pag-iiwas sa pampublikong lugar, at kusang-loob na nagsara ang mga sinehan at teatro upang hikayatin ang mensahe ng gobyerno.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Most UK cinemas shut after virus advice |language=en-GB |date=2020-03-17 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51925490 |access-date=2020-03-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323161040/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51925490 |archive-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>

Tumanggi ang iilang tinedyer at batang adulto sa kusang-loob na pagsunod sa mga hakbang ng pagdidistansiya. Sa [[Belhika]], iniulat ng midya na dinaluhan ang isang ''[[rave]]'' ng hindi bababa sa 300 bago ito pinawatak-watak ng mga lokal na awtoridad. Sa [[Pransiya]], pinagmumulta ng hanggang US$150 ang mga tinedyer na nagpapasyalan. Isinara ang mga dalampasigan sa [[Florida]] at [[Alabama]] upang watakin ang mga nagpaparti sa bakasyon sa tagsibol.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wthr.com/article/parents-police-struggle-social-distance-young-coronavirus-outbreak |title=Parents, police struggle to social distance the young in coronavirus outbreak |date=2020-03-20 |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323063717/https://www.wthr.com/article/parents-police-struggle-social-distance-young-coronavirus-outbreak |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323063717/https://www.wthr.com/article/parents-police-struggle-social-distance-young-coronavirus-outbreak |date=2020-03-23 }}</ref> Winatak-watak ang mga kasal sa New Jersay at ipinataw ang ''curfew'' ng alas-8 ng gabi sa [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]. Ang New York, New Jersey, Connecticut at Pennsylvania ang mga unang estado na nakatibay ng magkakatugmang patakaran sa pagdidistansiya na nagsara ng mga di-esensiyal na negosyo at naghigpit sa mga malaking pagtitipon. Pinalawig ang mga tagubiling manganlong sa lugar sa [[California]] sa buong estado noong 19 Marso. Sa parehong araw dineklara ng [[Texas]] ang sakuna sa publiko at nagpataw ng mga paghihigpit sa buong estado.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uh-Oh Moment Finally Hits States Slow to Adopt Social Distancing |date=2020-03-20 |author-first1=Elise |author-last1=Young |author-first2=David R. |author-last2=Baker |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-20/uh-oh-moment-finally-hits-states-slow-to-adopt-social-distancing |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323063706/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-20/uh-oh-moment-finally-hits-states-slow-to-adopt-social-distancing |archive-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>

Nag-udyok ang mga hakbang sa pag-iwas tulad ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan at [[Isolation (health care)|pagbubukod ng sarili]] sa malawakang pagsasara ng [[Mababang paaralan|mababang]], [[Mataas na paaralan|mataas]], at [[Lalong mataas na edukasyon|lalong mataas]] na paaralan sa higit sa 120 bansa. Noong pagsapit ng 23 Marso 2020, higit sa 1.2 mag-aaral ang wala sa eskwela dahil sa [[Impact of the 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic on education|pagsasara ng mga paaralan bilang tugon sa COVID-19]].<ref name=":0"/> Dahil sa mababang antas ng impeksiyong COVID-19 sa mga kabataan, kinuwestiyon ang bisa ng pagsasara ng mga paaralan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lessons from Ebola: The secret of successful epidemic response |author-last=Frieden |author-first=Tom |author-link=Tom Frieden |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/health/coronavirus-lessons-from-ebola/index.html |access-date=2020-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323214843/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/11/health/coronavirus-lessons-from-ebola/index.html |archive-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Kahit pansamantala pa man lang ang mga pagsasara ng paaralan, nagdadala ito ng mataas na gastos sa lipunan at ekonomiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus deprives nearly 300 million students of their schooling: UNESCO |newspaper=[[The Telegram]] |via=[[Reuters]] |language=en |url=http://www.thetelegram.com/news/world/coronavirus-deprives-nearly-300-million-students-of-their-schooling-unesco-419714/ |access-date=2020-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328210511/https://www.thetelegram.com/news/world/coronavirus-deprives-nearly-300-million-students-of-their-schooling-unesco-419714/ |archive-date=2020-03-28}}</ref> Gayunpaman, hindi malinaw ang papel ng kabataan sa pagkakalat ng COVID-19.<ref name="Lipsitch">{{Cite journal |author-last1=Lipsitch |author-first1=Marc |author-link1=:wikidata:Q28322531 |author-last2=Swerdlow |author-first2=David L. |author-last3=Finelli |author-first3=Lyn |author-link3=:wikidata:Q59908394 |date=2020-03-26 |orig-year=2020-02-19 |title=Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 — Studies Needed |journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=382 |issue=13 |pages=1194–1196 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp2002125 |pmid=32074416 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref><ref name="lww18March2020">{{Cite journal |author-last1=Zimmermann |author-first1=Petra |author-last2=Curtis |author-first2=Nigel |author-link2=:wikidata:Q30513816 |date=2020-03-18 |title=Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children |journal=[[The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal]] |language=en-US |volume=Online First |pages= |doi=10.1097/INF.0000000000002660 |issn=0891-3668 |url=https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstract/onlinefirst/Coronavirus_Infections_in_Children_Including.96251.aspx |access-date=2020-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324192956/https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstract/onlinefirst/Coronavirus_Infections_in_Children_Including.96251.aspx |archive-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> Habang hindi pa alam ang buong epekto ng pagsasara ng mga paaralan sa pandemya ng coronavirus, iminumungkahi ng unang ebidensiya na negatibo ang mga epekto ng pagsasara ng paaralan sa mga lokal na ekonomiya at resulta sa pag-aaral para sa mga estudyante.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adverse consequences of school closures |date=2020-03-10 |website=[[UNESCO]] |language=en |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures/consequences |access-date=2020-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325181733/https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures/consequences |archive-date=2020-03-25}}</ref><ref name="Stevens14March2020">{{Cite web |title=These simulations show how to flatten the coronavirus growth curve |author-last=Stevens |author-first=Harry |date=2020-03-14 |website=[[Washington Post]] |language=en |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/world/corona-simulator/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330062958/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/world/corona-simulator/ |archive-date=2020-03-30}}</ref> 

Noong unang bahagi ng Marso 2020, ang sentimentong "''Stay The Fuck Home''" ay inilikha ni Florian Reifschneider, isang Alemanong inhinyero at mabilisang inulit ng mga kilalang-kilala artista tulad nina [[Taylor Swift]], [[Ariana Grande]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taylor Swift Urges Fans to Stay Home Amid COVID-19 Outbreak: "I love you so much and I need to express my concern that things aren’t being taken seriously enough right now," superstar writes |author-first=Brenna |author-last=Ehrlich |date=2020-03-15 |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/taylor-swift-urges-fans-to-stay-home-amid-covid-19-outbreak-967629/ |access-date=2020-03-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319124912/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/taylor-swift-urges-fans-to-stay-home-amid-covid-19-outbreak-967629/ |archive-date=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author-first=Florian |author-last=Reifschneider |date=2020 |title=A Movement to Stop the COVID-19 Pandemic |website=#StayTheFuckHome |url=https://staythefuckhome.com/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329165848/https://staythefuckhome.com/ |archive-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> at [[Busy Philipps]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busy Philipps Joins Cameo to Record "Stay the Fuck Home" Messages for Coronavirus |author-first=Alex |author-last=Hudson |date=2020-03-17 |website=exclaim.ca |url=http://exclaim.ca/film/article/busy_philipps_joins_cameo_to_record_stay_the_fuck_home_messages_for_coronavirus |access-date=2020-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327135529/http://exclaim.ca/film/article/busy_philipps_joins_cameo_to_record_stay_the_fuck_home_messages_for_coronavirus |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> sa pag-asang mabawasan at maantala ang rurok ng siklab.

Sumali rin ang [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]] at [[Instagram]] sa kampanya na may mga magkatulad na ''hashtag'', ''sticker'', at ''filter'' sa ilalim ng ''#staythefhome'', ''#stayhome'', ''#staythefuckhome'' at nagsimulang sumikat sa social media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMA, AHA, ANA: #StayHome to confront COVID-19 |publisher=[[American Medical Association]] |location=Chicago, USA |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-aha-ana-stayhome-confront-covid-19 |access-date=2020-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328063402/https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-aha-ana-stayhome-confront-covid-19 |archive-date=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No, Netflix Is Not Spoiling Its Own Shows To Fight Coronavirus |author-first=Madeline |author-last=Berg |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2020/03/26/no-netflix-is-not-spoiling-its-own-shows-to-fight-coronavirus-but-these-ad-guys-are/ |access-date=2020-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327154558/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2020/03/26/no-netflix-is-not-spoiling-its-own-shows-to-fight-coronavirus-but-these-ad-guys-are/ |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite newspaper |title='It feels like wartime': how street artists are responding to coronavirus - The pandemic may have closed museums and galleries down but artists have found other ways to comment on the crisis |author-first=Nadja |author-last=Sayej |date=2020-03-25 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |series=Street art |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/mar/25/street-artists-coronavirus-us-it-feels-like-wartime |access-date=2020-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329005102/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/mar/25/street-artists-coronavirus-us-it-feels-like-wartime |archive-date=2020-03-29}}</ref><ref name="NewsweekSTFH" /> Sinasabi ng websayt na nakaabot na ito sa 2 milyong katao online at sinasabi rin na naisalinwika na ang teksto sa 17 wika.<ref name="NewsweekSTFH">{{Cite magazine |title=The #StayTheF***kHome movement just wants you to, well, you know |author-first=Jorge |author-last=Solis |date=2020-03-16 |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |series=Culture |language=en |url=https://www.newsweek.com/staythefkhome-movement-just-wants-you-well-you-know-1492581 |access-date=2020-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327145436/https://www.newsweek.com/staythefkhome-movement-just-wants-you-well-you-know-1492581 |archive-date=2020-03-27}}</ref>

==Mga balakid==

Mayroong mga ikinababahala ukol sa pagdidistansiyang panlipunan na maaaring magkaroon ng masang epekto sa kalusugan ng isip ng mga nakikilahok.<ref>{{Cite newspaper |title=Social distancing can strain mental health. Here's how you can protect yourself. |author-last=Ao |author-first=Bethany |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |language=en-US |date=2020-03-19 |url=https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-mental-health-social-distancing-20200319.html |access-date=2020-03-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326073833/https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-mental-health-social-distancing-20200319.html |archive-date=2020-03-26}}</ref> Maaaring humantong ito sa [[psychological stress|kaigtingan]], [[anxiety|pagkabalisa]], [[depression (mood)|panlulumo]], o pagkataranta, lalo na sa mga indibidwal na may dati nang umiiral na kondisyon tulad ng mga diperensiya ng pagkabalisa, [[OCD|di-masupil na paggawi]], at [[paranoia|paghihinala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stress and Coping |series=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |date=2020-03-23 |orig-year=2020-02-11 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |language=en-us |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/managing-stress-anxiety.html |access-date=2020-03-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329113040/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Fmanaging-stress-anxiety.html |archive-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> Maaaring lumikha ng pagkabalisa ang malawakang pagbabalita ng midya tungkol sa isang pandemya, ang kanyang epekto sa ekonomiya, at mga nagreresultang paghihirap. Ang pagbabago sa kalagayan sa araw-araw at kawalan ng katiyakan ay maaaring dumagdag din sa kaigtingan ng isip dahil sa pagiging hiwalay sa mga ibang tao.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus: Social distancing and isolation can take a toll on your mental health, here's how some people are coping - Managing mental health in the time of coronavirus |author-last=Willis |author-first=Olivia |date=2020-03-22 |work=[[ABC News]] |language=en-AU |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2020-03-22/mental-health-coronavirus-quarantine-self-isolation/12078550 |access-date=2020-03-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328041752/https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2020-03-22/mental-health-coronavirus-quarantine-self-isolation/12078550 |archive-date=2020-03-28}}</ref>

== Teoretikal na batayan ==
Mula sa pananaw ng epidemiyolohiya, ang pangunahing layunin ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan ay bawasan ang pangunahing reproduktibong bilang, <math>R_0</math>, na katamtamang bilang ng pangalahawing nahawang indibidwal na nabuo mula sa isang pangunahing nahawang indibidwal sa populasyon kung saan pantay-pantay na madaling tablan ng sakit. Sa isang panimulang modelo ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan,<ref name="Becker">{{cite book|last1=Becker|first1=Niels|title=Modeling to Inform Infectious Disease Control|date=2015|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781498731072|page=104}}</ref> kung saan ang hagway <math>f</math> ng populasyon ay nagsasagawa ng pagdidistansiyang panlipunan upang bawasan ang kanilang pakikipag-ugnayan sa hatimbilang <math>a</math> ng kanilang katamtamang kontak, ang bagong nabisang reproduktibong bilang <math>R</math> ay binibigay ng:<math display="block"> R = [1-(1-a^2)f]R_0 </math><ref name="Becker" />

Halimbawa, 25% ng populsyon ang nagbabawas ng kanilang pakikipag-ugnayan sa iba patungo sa 50% ng kanilang katamtamang antas ay nagbibigay ng mabisang reproduktibong bilang ng halos 81% ng pangunahing reproduktibong bilang. Isang tila maliit na pagbawas, ngunit makabuluhan sa pag-aantala ng pauliting paglaki at pagkalat ng sakit.

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Hand washing|Paghuhugas ng kamay]]
* [[Isolation (health care)|Pagbubukod (kalusugan)]]
* [[Pest house|Bahay-salot]]
* [[Protective sequestration|Pamprotektang pagsamsam]]
*[[Panangga ng mukha]]

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Mga kawing panlabas ==

* Harry Stevens, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/world/corona-simulator "Why outbreaks like coronavirus spread exponentially, and how to 'flatten the curve'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319232201/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/world/corona-simulator/ |date=2020-03-19 }}, ''The Washington Post'', 14 March 2020, "These simulations show how to flatten the coronavirus growth curve"
[[Kategorya:Epidemiyolohiya]]
[[Kategorya:Epidemya]]
[[Kategorya:Nakakahawang sakit]]