Tingnan ang wikitext ng Pluto

{{otheruses|Pluto}}
{{Infobox planet
| name = Pluto
| symbol = [[File:Pluto symbol (large orb, bold).svg|24px|⯓]]
| image = Pluto in True Color - High-Res.jpg
| image_size = 280px
| caption = Isang  pinagsamang larawan ng Pluto na kinuha ng ''New Horizons'' noong Hulyo 14, 2015 mula sa layo na 450,000&nbsp;kilometro. Ang larawan ay malapit sa tunay na kulay ng Pluto.
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = Clyde W. Tombaugh
| discovered = Pebrero 18, 1930
| mp_name = '''134340 Pluto'''
| named_after = [[Pluto (mitolohiya)|Pluto]]
| mp_category =
  {{plainlist |
* [[Dwarf planet]]
* Trans-Neptunian object
* Plutoid
* Kuiper belt object
* Plutino
  }}
| orbit_ref =<ref name="horizons" />{{efn|name = barycentre|Ang mga elementong orbital ay tumutukoy sa [[barycenter]] ng sistemang Pluto at barycenter ng Sistemang Solar, at ang kaagarang nag-o[[osculating orbit|osculate]] na mga value sa tiyak na epokong [[J2000]]. Ang mga datos sa barycenter quantities ay ibinigay mula sa sentrong planetal, at ito ay hindi nagbabago ng masyado sa pangaraw-araw na basehan mula sa paggalaw ng mga buwan. Ang orbital period ng Pluto ay nakalista bilang 248 na taon dahil karamihan sa mga sanggunian ay ginagamit ang mas matatag na barycenter ng Sistemang Solar (Araw+Jupiter) upang ilista ang orbital period ng sistemang Pluto&ndash;Karonte. Isang solusyong helyosentrikong J2000 ay bibigay ng datos na 246 na taon.}}
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| aphelion =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|49.319|ul=AU}}
* ({{val|7311000000|u=km}})
  }}
| perihelion =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|29.656|u=AU}}
* ({{val|4437000000|u=km}})
* (5 September 1989)<ref name="jpl-ssd-horizons" />
  }}
| semimajor =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|39.487|u=AU}}
* ({{val|5874000000|u=km}})
  }}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.24897}}
| inclination =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|17.1405|u=°}}
* (11.88° tungo sa ekwador ng Araw)
  }}
| asc_node = {{val|110.301|u=°}}
| arg_peri = {{val|113.777|u=°}}
| period =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|247.94}} [[julian year (astronomy)|mga taon]]<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
* {{val|90570|u=days}}<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
* {{val|14164.4}} Plutonian [[solar day]]s<ref name="planet_years" />
  }}
| synodic_period = 366.73 na araw<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| avg_speed = 4.67&nbsp;km/s<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| mean_anomaly = {{val|14.85|u=[[Degree (angle)|deg]]}}
| satellites = [[Mga buwan ng Pluto|5]]
| physical_characteristics = yes
| mean_radius =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|1186|2|u=km}}<ref name="NHPC_20150724">{{cite AV media |date=24 July 2015 |title=NASA's New Horizons Team Reveals New Scientific Findings on Pluto |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWr29KIs2Ns |access-date=30 July 2015 |time=52:30 |publisher=[[NASA]] |quote=We had an uncertainty that ranged over maybe 70 kilometers, we've collapsed that to plus and minus two, and it's centered around 1186}}</ref>
* 0.18 [[Earth radius|na mga Daigdig]] }}
| surface_area =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|1.77|e = 7|u=km2}}{{efn|name = Surface area}}
* 0.035 na mga Daigdig
  }}
| volume =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|6.99|e = 9|u=km3}}{{efn|name = Volume}}
* {{val|0.0064|u=na mga Daigdig}}
  }}
| mass =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|1.305|0.007|e = 22|u=kg}}<ref name="BuieGrundyYoung_2006" />
* {{val|0.0022|u=[[Earth mass|na mga Daigdig]]}}
* 0.178 [[Moon mass|na mga Buwan]]
  }}
| density = {{val|1.88|u=g/cm3}}<ref name=JPL20150716>[http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2015/7/16/how-to-make-nasas-pluto-flyby-a-teachable-moment-for-students/ Here's How to Make NASA's Pluto Flyby a 'Teachable Moment' for Students]</ref>
| surface_grav =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|0.620|}} [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]{{efn|name = Surface gravity}}
* 0.063 [[g-force|g]]
  }}
| escape_velocity = {{val|1.212}}&nbsp;km/s{{efn|name = Escape velocity}}
| sidereal_day =
  {{plainlist |
* {{val|6.387230|u=day}}
* 6 d, 9 h, 17&nbsp;m, 36 s
  }}
| rot_velocity = 47.18&nbsp;km/h
| axial_tilt = {{val|119.591|0.014|u=°}} (to orbit)<ref name="BuieGrundyYoung_2006" />{{efn|name = Axial tilt}}
| right_asc_north_pole = 132.993°<ref name="Archinal" />
| declination = −6.163°<ref name="Archinal" />
| albedo = 0.49 to 0.66 ([[Geometric albedo|geometric]], varies by 35%)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" /><ref name="Hamilton" />
| magnitude = 13.65<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" /> to 16.3<ref name="AstDys-Pluto" /> <br /> (mean is 15.1)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| abs_magnitude = −0.7<ref name="jpldata" />
| angular_size = 0.06″ to 0.11″<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />{{efn|name = Angular size}}
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Pluto.ogg|ˈ|p|l|uː|t|oʊ}}
| adjectives = Plutonian
| atmosphere = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1 = 33 K
| mean_temp_1 = 44 K (−229 °C)
| max_temp_1 = 55 K
| surface_pressure = 0.30 [[pascal (unit)|Pa]] (summer maximum) to 1.0 [[pascal (unit)|Pa]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-33657447 |title=New Horizons: Pluto may have 'nitrogen glaciers' |work=BBC News |date=23 July 2015 |accessdate=26 July 2015 |quote=It could tell from the passage of sunlight and radiowaves through the Plutonian "air" that the pressure was only about 10 microbars at the surface }}</ref>
| atmosphere_composition = [[Nitrogen]], [[methane]], [[carbon monoxide]]<ref name="Physorg April 19, 2011" />
| note = no
}}
[[Talaksan:Ang planeta Pluto mula sa New Horizons.png|thumbnail|Planetang Pluto]]
[[Talaksan:Pluto at Charon mula HST.png|thumbnail|Pluto at Karonte]]
Ang '''Pluto'''  (minor-planet designation: '''134340 Pluto'''; sagisag: [[File:Pluto symbol (large orb, fixed width).svg|16px|⯓]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet |author= JPL/NASA |date= 2015-04-22  |website= Jet Propulsion Laboratory |title= What is a Dwarf Planet? |access-date= 2022-01-19}}</ref> o [[File:Pluto monogram (fixed width).svg|16px|♇]]<ref>{{cite book |editor=John Lewis |date=2004 |title=Physics and chemistry of the solar system |edition= 2 |page=64 |publisher=Elsevier}}</ref>) ay isang [[planetang unano]] sa Kuiper belt, isang sinturon ng mga bagay lampas sa Neptune. Ito ay ang unang bagay sa Kuiper belt na natuklasan. Ito ay ang pinakamalaki at ikalawang pinaka-mabigat na kilalang [[unanong planeta]] sa [[Sistemang Solar]] at ang ikasiyam na pinakamalaking at ikasampung pinaka-mabigat na bagay na direktang nag-oorbit sa [[Araw (astronomiya)|Araw]]. Ito ay ang pinakamalaking kilalang trans-Neptununian object (TNO) ayon sa volume ngunit magaan kaysa [[136199 Eris|Eris]], isang dwarf planet sa scattered disc. Tulad ng iba pang bagay sa Kuiper belt, ang Pluto ay pangunahing gawa ng yelo at bato<ref name="Wiley-2005"></ref> at mas maliit-mga isang-kaanim ng mass ng [[Buwan (astronomiya)|Buwan]] at isang-katlo ng volume nito. Ito ay mayroong katamtamang eccentric at nakahilig naorbit at may layong 30 hanggang 49 astronomical unit o AU (4.4-7300000000 km) mula sa Araw. Nangangahulugan ito na ang Pluto ay may panahong mas malapit sa Araw kaysa [[Neptuno|Neptune]], ngunit mayroon Pluto at Neputune ng isang matatag na orbital resonance na pumipigil sa kanilang pagbabanggaan. Noong 2014, Pluto ay 32.6 AU ang layo mula sa Araw Ang liawanag ng Araw ay umaabot ng 5.5 oras upang maabot ang Pluto sa kanyang average na layo (39.4 AU).<ref name="lighttraveltime"></ref>

Ang Pluto ay natuklasan noong 1930 ni Clyde Tombaugh, at noon ay orihinal na itinuturing na [[Planet X|ikasiyam na planeta]] mula sa Araw Matapos ang 1992, ang katayuan nito bilang isang [[Planeta|planeta]] ay pinag-alinlangan nang makatulas ng ilang mga bagay na may kaparehong laki sa Kuiper belt. Noong 2005, Eris, na 27% na mas massive kaysa sa Pluto, ay natuklasan, na nagtulak sa International Astronomical Union (IAU) upang pormal na bigyan ng depisiyon ang salitang "planeta" sa unang pagkakataon sa sumunod na taon.<ref name="hubblesite2007/24"></ref> Ang depinisyong ito ibinukod at Pluto at nauri bilang isang miyembro ng bagong kategoryang "dwarf planeta" (at partikular bilang isang plutoid).<ref name="BBC-Akwagyiram 2005-08-02"></ref> Tingin ng ilan astronomo na ang Pluto, pati na rin ang iba pang dwarf planet, dapat itururing na mga planeta.<ref name="Gray 2008-08-10"></ref><ref name="chihuahuaisdog"></ref><ref name="News.discovery.com"></ref>

Ang Pluto ay may [[Mga buwan ng Pluto|limang kilalang buwan]]: Karonte (''Charon'', ang pinakamalaki, na may diameter na lagpas kalahati ng Pluto), Styx, Nix, Kerberos, at Hydra.<ref name="Showalter"></ref> Ang Pluto at Karonte ay itinuturing rin na isang binary system dahil ang barycenter ng kanilang mga orbit ay hindi matatagpuan sa loob ng mga ito.<ref name="Olkin_2003"></ref> Hindi pormal na binigyang depinisyon ng IAU ang "binary dwarf planet", kaya ang Karonte ay opisyal na nauuri bilang isang [[Likas na satelayt|buwan]] ng Pluto.<ref name="IAU Pluto"></ref>

Noong 14 Hulyo 2015, ang spacecraft ''New Horizons''  ang naging unang spacecraft na nag-fly-by sa Pluto.<ref name="NYT-20150714-kc">{{cite news
| last = Chang
| first = Kenneth | title = NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Completes Flyby of Pluto | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/science/space/nasa-new-horizons-spacecraft-reaches-pluto.html | date = 14 July 2015 | work = [[New York Times]] | accessdate = 14 July 2015 }}</ref><ref name="AP-20150714">{{cite news | last = Dunn | first = Marcia | title = Pluto close-up: Spacecraft makes flyby of icy, mystery world | url = http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150714/us-sci--pluto-1a20f848e7.html | date = 14 July 2015 | work = [[AP News]] | accessdate = 14 July 2015 | archive-date = 16 Hulyo 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150716165559/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150714/us-sci--pluto-1a20f848e7.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150718">{{cite news
| last = Chang
| first = Kenneth | title = The Long, Strange Trip to Pluto, and How NASA Nearly Missed It | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/19/us/the-long-strange-trip-to-pluto-and-how-nasa-nearly-missed-it.html | date = 18 July 2015 | work = [[New York Times]] | accessdate = 19 July 2015 }}</ref> Sa loob ng maikling flyby na ito, ang ''New Horizons''  ay nakagawa ng detalyadong pagsukat at mga obserbasyon ng Pluto at mga buwan nito.<ref name="NYT-20150706">{{cite news
| last = Chang
| first = Kenneth | title = Almost Time for Pluto’s Close-Up | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/07/science/space/almost-time-for-plutos-close-up.html | date = 6 July 2015 | work = [[The New York Times]] | accessdate = 6 July 2015 }}</ref>

== Pagkadiskubre ==
Noong dekada 1840, ginamit ni Urbain Le Verrier ang Newtonian mechanics upang bigyang prediksiyon ang posisyon ng hindi pang natuklasang planeta na [[Neptuno|Neptune]] pagkatapos ang analisis sa perturbation sa orbit ng [[Urano|Uranus]].<ref>{{cite book | title =  Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems | url =  https://archive.org/details/planetquestepicd0000cros_e7r2 | first = Ken|last=Croswell | location = New York | publisher= The Free Press | year=1997 | isbn = 978-0-684-83252-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/planetquestepicd0000cros_e7r2/page/43 43]|ref=harv}}</ref> Ang mga sumunod na obserbasyon sa Neptune sa huling bahagi ng ika-19 na siglo ay humantong sa pag-espukula ng mga astronomo na ang orbit Uranus ay naiimpluwensiyahan ng isa pang planeta bukod sa Neptune.

Noong 1906, si Percival Lowell – isang mayamang taga-Boston na nagtatag sa Lowell Observatory sa Flagstaff, Arizona, noong 1894 – ay nagsimula ng isang malawak na proyekto sa paghahanap ng isang posibleng ikasiyam na planeta, at tinaguriang niya itong "Planet X".<ref name="Tombaugh1946"></ref> Noong 1909, iminungkahi nina Lowell at William H. Pickering ang ilang mga posibleng celestial coordinate para sa naturang planeta.<ref name="Hoyt"></ref> Isinasagawa ni Lowell at ng kanyang obserbatoryo ang paghahanap hanggang sa kanyang kamatayan noong 1916, ngunit sila ay nabigo. Hindi alam ni Lowell, ang kanyang mga survey ay nakakuha ng dalawang malabong imahen ng Pluto noong 19 Marso at 7 Abril 1915, ngunit hindi nila nakilala kung ano ang mga ito.<ref name="Hoyt"></ref><ref name="Littman1990"></ref> Mayroong iba pang labing-apat obserbasyon bago ang pagkakatuklas, sa mga ito ang pinakalumang ay ginawa ng Yerkes Observatory noong 20 Agosto 1909.<ref name="BuchwaldDimarioWild2000"></ref>

Ang balo ni Percival, si Constance Lowell, ay nagtangkang umagaw sa pamanang milyong dolyar na bahagi ng obserbatoryo para sa kanyang sarili. Dahil sa na sampung taon paghahabla, ang paghahanap para sa Planet X ay hindi naipagpatuloy hanggang 1929.{{sfn|Croswell|1997|p=50}} Sa panahong iyon, si Vesto Melvin Slipher, ang direktor ng obserbatoryo, ay buong ipinasa ang trabaho sa paghahanap ng Planet X sa 23-taong gulang na si Clyde Tombaugh, na kararating pa lamang sa Lowell Observatory matapos na-impress si Slipher sa isang habawa ng kanyang guhit pang-astronomya.{{sfn|Croswell|1997|p=50}}

Ang mga gawain ni Tombaugh ay sistematikong kunan ng imahen sa kalangitan ng gabi sa pares ng mga larawan, at pagkatapos ay suriin ang bawat pares at tukuyin kung mayroong mga bagay na nagpalit ng posisyon. Gamit ng isang blink comparator, mabilis na pinapalit-palit mga imahen sa bawat plate upang upang lumikha ng ilusyon ng pagkilos ng anumang bagay na nagbago ng posisyon o hitsura. Noong 18 Pebrero 1930, pagkatapos ng halos isang taong paghahanap, natuklasan ni Tombaugh ang isang posibleng gumagalaw na bagay sa mga photographic plates na noong 23 at 29 ng Enero ng taong iyon. Isang mas mababang-kalidad na litrato na kinuha noong Enero 21 ang nakakumpirma sa pagkilos.{{sfn|Croswell|1997|p=52}} Matapos makuha ang obserbatoryo ng larawang pangkumpirma, balita ng pagkatuklas ay itinlegrama sa Harvard College Observatory noong 13 Marso 1930.<ref name="Hoyt"></ref>

== Pagpapangalan ==
Ang pagkatuklas napabalita sa buong mundo. Ang Lowell Observatory, na siyang may karapatan na magpangalan sa bagong bagay, na nakatanggap ng higit sa 1,000 mungkahi mula sa lahat ng dako ng mundo, mga pangalang mula Atlas hanggang Zymal.<ref name="pluto guide"></ref> Hinimuk kaagad ni Tombaugh sa Slipher upang magmungkahi ng isang pangalan para sa bagong bagay bago siya maunahan ng iba.<ref name="pluto guide"></ref> Ipinakula ni Constance Lowell ang ''[[Zeus|Zeus]]'' , pagkatapos ''Percival''  at sa wakas ''Constance''. Ang mga suhestiyong ito ay binalewala.<ref name="Mager"></ref><!-- self-published source -->

Ang pangalang Pluto, alinsunod sa diyos ng underworld, ay iminungkahi ni Venetia Burney (1918–2009), isang labing-isang-taon gulang na mag-aaral sa [[Oxford|Oxford]], England, na noon ay interesado sa classical na mitolohiya.<ref name="Venetia"></ref> Iminungkahing niya ito sa isang pag-uusap sa kanyang lolo na si Falconer Madan, isang dating librarian sa Bodleian Library ng University of Oxford na ipinasa ang pangalan kay Herbert Hall Turner na propesor sa astronomiya, at itinelegrama naman ito sa mga kasamahan niya sa Estados Unidos.<ref name="Venetia"></ref>

Ang bagay ay opisyal na pinangalanan noong 24 Marso 1930.<ref name="The Times 27 May 1930"></ref><ref name="NYTimes 25 May 1930"></ref> Ang bawat miyembro ng Lowell Observatory ay pinapayagang pumili sa isang maikling-listahan na may tatlong pangalan: Minerva (na noon ay ipinangalan na para sa isang asteroid), [[Cronus|Cronus]] (na nawalan ng reputasyon dahil iminungkahi kinayayamutang astronomo na si Thomas Jefferson Jackson See), at Pluto. Natanggap ng Pluto ang bawat boto.{{sfn|Croswell|1997|pp=54–55}} Ang pangalan ay inihayag sa 1 Mayo 1930.<ref name="Venetia"></ref> Pagkatapos ng anunsyo, binigyan ni Madan si Venetia ng £5 (katumbas ng {{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|5|1930|2014|r=-2}}}} GBP, o 450 USD sa {{CURRENTYEAR}}){{Inflation-fn|UK}} bilang gantimpala.<ref name="Venetia"></ref>

Nakatulong sa pagkakapili ng pangalan ang unang dalawang titik ng ''Pluto'' dahil ito ang mga inisyal ni Percival Lowell. Ang simbolong pang-astronomiya ng Pluto ([[File:Pluto monogram (fixed width).svg|20px|♇]], Unicode U+2647 ♇) ay nilikha bilang isang monogram na gawa sa mga titik na "PL".<ref name="JPL/NASA Pluto's Symbol"></ref> Ang simbolong pang-astrolohiya ng Pluto ay kahawig ng sa [[Neptuno|Neptune]] ([[File:Neptune symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|♆]]), ngunit ito ay may bilog kapalit ng gitnang sanga ng sungay ng salapang ([[File:Pluto symbol (large orb, fixed width).svg|20px|⯓]], U+2BD3 ⯓).

Ang pangalan ay madaling niyakap ng madla. Noong 1930, si [[Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] ay nabigyang-inspirasyon nang ipinakilala nito ang alagang aso ni [[Mickey Mouse|Mickey Mouse]] na nagngangalang [[Pluto (aso)|Pluto]], ngunit hindi makumpira ni  Disney animator Ben Sharpsteen kung bakit ito ang pangalang ibinigay.<ref name="Heinrichs2006"></ref> Noong 1941, pinangalanan ni Glenn T. Seaborg ang bagong likhang [[Elementong kimikal|element]] na [[Plutonyo|plutonium]] alinsunod sa Pluto, sa pagsunod sa tradisyon ng pagbibigay ng pangalan sa mga elemento matapos makatuklas ng bagong planeta, sinundan nito ang [[Uranyo|uranium]], na ipinagalana sa [[Urano|Uranus]], at neptunium na ipinangalan sa [[Neptuno|Neptune]].<ref name="ClarkHobart2000"></ref>

Karamihan ng mga wika gumamit ng pangalang "Pluto" sa iba't-ibang transliterasyon.{{efn|The equivalence is less close in languages whose [[phonology]] differs widely from [[Ancient Greek phonology|Greek's]], such as [[Somali language|Somali]] ''Buluuto'' and [[Navajo language|Navajo]] ''Tłóotoo''.}} Sa Japanese, Houei Nojiri ang iminungkahing salin, {{nihongo3|"Star of the King (God) of the Underworld"|冥王星|Meiōsei}} at ito ay hiniram sa Chinese, Korean, at Vietnamese.<ref name="RenshawIhara2000"></ref><ref name="nineplan"></ref><ref name="Bathrobe"></ref> Ang ilang wika sa India ay gumamit ng pangalang Pluto, ngunit ang iba, tulad ng [[Wikang Hindī|Hindi]], ay gumamit ng pangalanng ''Yama'' , ang Tagapag-alaga ng Impiyerno sa mitolohiyang Hindu at Buddhist, pati na rin Vietnamese.<ref name="nineplan"></ref> Sa mga wikang Polynesian madalas na ginagamit ang pangalan ng katutubong diyos ng underworld, pati na sa Maori bilang ''Whiro'' .<ref name="nineplan"></ref>

== Planet X pinabulaanan ==
Nang natagpuan, ang kalabuan at kakulangan ng naaninag na disc ng Pluto ang nagdulot ng pagdududa sa ideya na ito ang [[Planet X|Planet X]] ni Lowell.<ref name="Tombaugh1946"></ref> Ang mga tantiya sa mass ng Pluto ay pababa nang pababa sa buong ika-20 siglo.<ref>{{cite book|last1 = Stern|first1 = Alan|last2 = Tholen|first2 = David James|title = Pluto and Charon|date = 1997|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn = 978-0-8165-1840-1|pages=206–208}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="float:right;margin-right:0;margin-left:1em;text-align:center"
|+ Tantiya sa Mass ng Pluto
! scope="col"| Taon
! scope="col"| Mass
! scope="col"| Tantiya ng
|-
! scope="row"| 1915
|  7 Earth
|  Lowell (prediksiyon para Planet X)<ref name="Tombaugh1946"></ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 1931
|  1 Earth
|  Nicholson &amp; Mayall<ref name="RAS1931.91"></ref><ref name="Nicholson et al 1930"></ref><ref name="Nicholson et al 1931"></ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 1948
|  0.1 (1/10) Earth
|  Kuiper<ref name="Kuiper 10.1086/126255"></ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 1976
|  0.01 (1/100) Earth
|  Cruikshank,<!-- Carl --> Pilcher, &amp; Morrison{{sfn|Croswell|1997|p=57}}
|-
! scope="row"| 1978
|  0.0015 (1/650) Earth
|  Christy &amp; Harrington<ref name="ChristyHarrington1978"></ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2006
|  0.00218 (1/459) Earth
|  Buie et al.<!-- William M. Grundy, Eliot F. Young, Leslie A. Young, S. Alan Stern --><ref name="BuieGrundyYoung_2006"></ref>
|}
Unang kinakalkula ng mga astronomo ang mass nito batay sa na epekto nito sa Neptune at Uranus. Noong 1931, ang Pluto ay nakalkula nang humigit kumulang sa mass ng Earth, na may karagdagang mga kalkulasyon noong 1948 nagdadala ng mass pababa sa humigit-kumulang na mass ng Mars.<ref name="Nicholson et al 1930"></ref><ref name="Kuiper 10.1086/126255"></ref> Noong 1976, sina Dale Cruikshank, Carl Pilcher at David Morrison ng University of Hawaii ang nagkalkula sa albedo ng Pluto sa unang pagkakataon, at nakitaan ito na tugma nang sa yelong methane; nangangahulugan ito na ang Pluto napakakinang para sa laki nito at samakatuwid ay hindi maaaring maging mas mababa sa 1 porsiyento ng mass ng Earth.{{sfn|Croswell|1997|p=57}} (Ang albedo Pluto ng ay higit na {{nowrap|1.4–1.9}} beses ng sa Earth.<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet"></ref>)

Noong 1978, pagkatapos matuklasan ang buwan ng Pluto na Karonte nasukat ang mass Pluto sa unang pagkakataon: humigit-kumulang sa 0.2% nang sa Earth, at malayong maliit para makaimpluwensiya sa pagkakaiba ng orbit ng Uranus. Ang sumunod na paghahanap para sa isang alternatibong Planet X, pinakakilala dito ang kay Robert Sutton Harrington, <ref name="SeidelmannHarrington1988"></ref> ay nabigo. Noong 1992, ginamit ni Myles Standish ang data mula sa pag-flyby ng ''Voyager 2'' sa [[Neptuno|Neptune]] noong 1989, dito binago ang tantiya sa  mass Neptune pababa ng 0.5%--isang halagang maihahambing sa mass ng Mars – upang muling kalkulahin ang gravitational effect nito sa Uranus. Gamit ang bagong dagdag na pigura, ang mga pagkakaiba (discrepancy), kasama ang pangangailangan ng isang Planet X, ay naglaho.<ref name="Standish1993"></ref> Sa ngayon, ang karamihan ng mga siyentipiko ay sumang-ayon na ang Planet X, sa depenisyon ni Lowell, ay hindi umiiral.<ref name="Standage2000"></ref> Gumawa ng prediksiyon si Lowell sa orbit at posisyon ng Planet X noong 1915 na medyo malapit sa aktuwal na orbit at posisyon ng Pluto sa panahong iyon nito; pagkaraan sinabi ni Ernest W. Brown na ang pagkakatuklas ng Pluto ay nagkataon lang (coincidence),<ref name="Tenn1994"></ref> isang pananaw na umiiral hanggang ngayon.<ref name="Standish1993"></ref>  

{{Minor planets navigator}}
{{Plutoids}}
{{Solar system table}}

== Talababa ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=

{{efn| name = Surface area| Surface area derived from the radius ''r'': <math>4\pi r^2</math>'''.}}

{{efn| name = Volume| Volume ''v'' derived from the radius ''r'': <math>4\pi r^3/3</math>'''.}}

{{efn| name = Surface gravity| Surface gravity derived from the mass ''M'', the [[gravitational constant]] ''G'' and the radius ''r'': <math>GM/r^2</math>.}}

{{efn| name = Escape velocity| Escape velocity derived from the mass ''M'', the [[gravitational constant]] ''G'' and the radius ''r'': <math>\sqrt{2GM/r}</math>.}}

{{efn| name = Axial tilt| Based on the orientation of Charon's orbit, which is assumed the same as Pluto's spin axis due to the mutual [[tidal locking]].}}

{{efn| name = Angular size| Based on geometry of minimum and maximum distance from Earth and Pluto radius in the factsheet}}

<!--{{efn| name = wiki-kbo| The dwarf planet [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]] is roughly the same size as Pluto, about 2330&nbsp;km; Eris is, however, 28% more massive than Pluto. [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]] is a [[scattered-disc object]], often considered a distinct population from Kuiper-belt objects like Pluto; Pluto is the largest body in the Kuiper belt proper, which excludes the scattered-disc objects.}}-->

<!--{{efn| name = Perihelion| 1 = The discovery of Charon in 1978 allowed astronomers to accurately calculate the mass of the Plutonian system. But it did not indicate the two bodies' individual masses, which could only be estimated after other moons of Pluto's were discovered in late 2005. As a result, because Pluto came to perihelion in 1989, most Pluto perihelion date estimates are based on the Pluto–Charon [[barycenter]]. Charon came to perihelion [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=901 4 September 1989.] The Pluto–Charon barycenter came to perihelion [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=9 5 September 1989.] Pluto came to perihelion [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=999 8 September 1989.]}}-->

<!--{{efn| name = TNOs| Astronomers do not expect to find an object larger than Pluto closer than 100 AU from the Sun (see [[#Origins|Origins]]).<ref name="Sheppard2011" /> Of the 1687 [[trans-Neptunian object|TNOs]] known, {{Plain link|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;ast_orbit_class=TNO;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bi;c1_op=%3E;c1_value = 30.1;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option = comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsCjCpAi;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query = 1&c_sort=AiA 1471}} of them have [[Apsis|perihelion]] further out than Neptune (30.1 AU).}}-->
}}

== Sanggunian ==
{{reflist|2|refs=

<ref name="horizons">{{cite web
| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=9
| title = HORIZONS Web-Interface for Pluto Barycenter (Major Body = 9)
| publisher = [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]]
| accessdate = 11 October 2012
}} Select "Ephemeris Type: Elements", "Target Body: Pluto Barycenter" and "Center: @Sun".</ref>

<ref name="jpl-ssd-horizons">{{cite web
| title = Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Pluto Barycenter
| publisher = [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]] @ Solar System Dynamics Group
| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=9
| accessdate = 16 January 2011
}} (set Observer Location to @0 to place the observer at the center of the Sun-Jupiter system)</ref>

<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet">{{cite web
| first = David R.
| last = Williams
| title = Pluto Fact Sheet
| publisher = NASA
| date = 24 July 2015
| url = http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html
| accessdate = 6 August 2015
}}</ref>

<ref name="planet_years">{{cite web
| url = http://cseligman.com/text/sky/rotationvsday.htm
| title = Rotation Period and Day Length
| last = Seligman
| first = Courtney
| accessdate = 13 August 2009
}}</ref>

<ref name="BuieGrundyYoung_2006">{{cite journal
| first = Marc W.
| last = Buie
| first2 = William M.
| last2 = Grundy
| first3 = Eliot F.
| last3 = Young
| display-authors = 3
| first4 = Leslie A.
| last4 = Young
| first5 = S. Alan
| last5 = Stern
| title = Orbits and photometry of Pluto's satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_2006-07_132_1/page/290
| journal=Astronomical Journal
| date = 2006
| volume = 132 | issue = 1 | page = 290
| bibcode = 2006AJ....132..290B | doi=10.1086/504422 | arxiv=astro-ph/0512491 }}</ref>

<ref name="Archinal">{{cite journal|last1=Archinal|first1=B. A.|last2=A’Hearn|first2=M. F.|last3=Bowell|first3=E.|last4=Conrad|first4=A.|last5=Consolmagno|first5=G. J.|last6=Courtin|first6=R.|last7=Fukushima|first7=T.|last8=Hestroffer|first8=D.|last9=Hilton|first9=J. L.|last10=Krasinsky|first10=G. A.|last11=Neumann|first11=G.|last12=Oberst|first12=J.|last13=Seidelmann|first13=P. K.|last14=Stooke|first14=P.|last15=Tholen|first15=D. J.|last16=Thomas|first16=P. C.|last17=Williams|first17=I. P.|title=Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009|journal=Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy|volume=109|issue=2|year=2010|pages=101–135|issn=0923-2958|doi=10.1007/s10569-010-9320-4}}</ref>

<ref name="Hamilton">{{cite web
| date = 12 February 2006
| title = Dwarf Planet Pluto
| publisher = Views of the Solar System
| first = Calvin J.
| last = Hamilton
| url = http://www.solarviews.com/eng/pluto.htm
| accessdate = 10 January 2007
}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-Pluto">{{cite web
| title = AstDys (134340) Pluto Ephemerides
| publisher = Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
| url = http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=134340&oc=500&y0=1870&m0=2&d0=9&h0=0&mi0=0&y1=1870&m1=3&d1=20&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=1.0&tiu=days
| accessdate = 27 June 2010
}}</ref>

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
| title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 134340 Pluto
| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Pluto
| accessdate = 12 June 2008
}}</ref>

<ref name="Physorg April 19, 2011">{{cite web
| title = Pluto has carbon monoxide in its atmosphere
| publisher = Physorg.com
| date = 19 April 2011
| url = http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-04-pluto-carbon-monoxide-atmosphere.html
| accessdate = 22 November 2011
}}</ref>

<ref name="Wiley-2005">{{cite book
| first1 = S. Alan
| last1 = Stern
| first2 = Jacqueline
| last2 = Mitton
| title = Pluto and Charon: ice worlds on the ragged edge of the solar system
| url = http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=isbn%3A3527405569
| date = 2005
| publisher = Weinheim:[[Wiley-VCH]]
| accessdate = 3 July 2013
| isbn = 3-527-40556-9
}}</ref>

<ref name = lighttraveltime>{{Cite web |url=http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q89.html |title=NASA: How fast does light travel from the Sun to each of the planets? |access-date=2015-08-18 |archive-date=2015-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820051658/http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q89.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="hubblesite2007/24">
{{cite web
| title = Astronomers Measure Mass of Largest Dwarf Planet
| work = hubblesite
| date = 2007
| url = http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/24/full/
| accessdate = 3 November 2007
}}</ref>

<ref name="BBC-Akwagyiram 2005-08-02">{{cite news
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4737647.stm
| title = Farewell Pluto?
| first = Alexis
| last = Akwagyiram
| work = BBC News
| date = 2 August 2005
| accessdate = 5 March 2006
}}</ref>

<ref name="Gray 2008-08-10">{{cite web
| url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3349184/Pluto-should-get-back-planet-status-say-astronomers.html
| title = Pluto should get back planet status, say astronomers
| first = Richard
| last = Gray
| work = The Telegraph
| date = 10 August 2008
| accessdate = 9 August 2008
| archive-date = 29 Oktubre 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029153901/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3349184/Pluto-should-get-back-planet-status-say-astronomers.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name = chihuahuaisdog>Gorwyn, Adam; [http://earthsky.org/space/alan-stern-%E2%80%98a-chihuahua-is-still-a-dog-and-pluto-is-still-a-planet-2 ''Alan Stern: ‘A Chihuahua is still a dog, and Pluto is still a planet’''], EarthSky interview, 18 February 2010</ref>

<ref name="News.discovery.com">{{cite web
| url = http://news.discovery.com/space/should-large-moons-be-called-satellite-planets.html
| title = Should Large Moons Be Called 'Satellite Planets'?
| publisher = News.discovery.com
| date = 14 May 2010
| accessdate = 4 November 2011
| archive-date = 5 Mayo 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120505221146/http://news.discovery.com/space/should-large-moons-be-called-satellite-planets.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Showalter">{{cite news
| last = Showalter
| first = Mark R.
| title = Hubble Discovers a Fifth Moon Orbiting Pluto (News Release STScI-2012-32)
| url = http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/32/
| accessdate = 11 July 2012
| newspaper = HubbleSite NewsCenter
| date = 11 July 2012<!--, 11:30 AM EDT-->
}}</ref>

<ref name="Olkin_2003">{{cite journal
| title = The mass ratio of Charon to Pluto from Hubble Space Telescope astrometry with the fine guidance sensors
| journal = Icarus
| volume = 164
| issue = 1
| pages = 254–259
| first = Catherine B.
| last = Olkin
| first2 = Lawrence H.
| last2 = Wasserman
| first3 = Otto G.
| last3 = Franz
| place = Lowell Observatory
| url = http://www.as.utexas.edu/~fritz/astrometry/Papers_in_pdf/{Olk03}PlutoCharon.pdf
| date = 2003
| doi = 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00136-2
| accessdate = 13 March 2007
| bibcode = 2003Icar..164..254O
}}</ref>

<ref name="IAU Pluto">[http://www.iau.org/public/pluto/ "Pluto and the Developing Landscape of Our Solar System"] International Astronomical Union. Retrieved on 27 October 2010.</ref>

<ref name="Tombaugh1946">{{cite journal
| last = Tombaugh
| first = Clyde W.
| authorlink = Clyde Tombaugh
| date = 1946
| title = The Search for the Ninth Planet, Pluto
| journal = Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets
| volume = 5
| pages = 73–80
| bibcode = 1946ASPL....5...73T
}}</ref>

<ref name="Hoyt">{{cite journal
| title = W. H. Pickering's Planetary Predictions and the Discovery of Pluto
| first = William G.<!-- Graves -->
| last = Hoyt
| journal = Isis
| volume = 67
| issue = 4
| date = 1976
| pages = 551–564
| doi = 10.1086/351668
| jstor = 230561
}}</ref>

<ref name="Littman1990">{{cite book
| title = Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System
| first = Mark
| last = Littman
| date = 1990
| page = 70
| isbn = 0-471-51053-X
| publisher = Wiley
}}</ref>

<ref name="BuchwaldDimarioWild2000">{{cite journal
| last1 = Buchwald
| first1 = Greg
| last2 = Dimario
| first2 = Michael
| last3 = Wild
| first3 = Walter
| date = 2000
| title = Pluto is Discovered Back in Time
| journal = Amateur—Professional Partnerships in Astronomy
| publisher = San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific
| location = San Francisco
| volume = 220
| page = 335
| isbn = 1-58381-052-8
| bibcode = 2000ASPC..220..355B
}}</ref>

<ref name="pluto guide">{{cite web
| url = http://www.space.com/spacewatch/050311_pluto_guide.html
| title = Finding Pluto: Tough Task, Even 75 Years Later
| first = Joe
| last = Rao
| publisher = Space.com
| date = 11 March 2005
| accessdate = 8 September 2006
}}</ref>

<ref name="Mager">{{cite web
| title = The Search Continues
| first = Brad
| last = Mager
| work = Pluto: The Discovery of Planet X
| url = http://www.discoveryofpluto.com/pluto05.html
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
}}</ref>

<ref name="Venetia">{{cite news
| title = The girl who named a planet
| work = BBC News
| first = Paul
| last = Rincon
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4596246.stm
| date = 13 January 2006
| accessdate = 12 April 2007
}}</ref>

<ref name="The Times 27 May 1930">{{cite news
| title = The Trans-Neptunian Body: Decision to call it Pluto
| newspaper = [[The Times]]
| date = 27 May 1930
| page = 15
}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimes 25 May 1930">{{cite news
| title = Name Pluto Given to Body Believed to Be Planet X
| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60F14FC3D55147A93C7AB178ED85F448385F9&scp=1&sq=Name_given_to_body_planet_X&st=cse
| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
| date = 25 May 1930
| agency = Associated Press
| issn = 0362-4331
| page = 1
| quote = Pluto, the title of the Roman gods of the region of darkness, was announced tonight at Lowell Observatory here as the name chosen for the recently discovered trans-Neptunian body, which is believed to be the long-sought Planet X.
}}</ref>

<ref name="JPL/NASA Pluto's Symbol">{{cite web
| title = NASA's Solar System Exploration: Multimedia: Gallery: Pluto's Symbol
| url = http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=263
| publisher = NASA
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
| archive-date = 1 Oktubre 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061001015053/http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=263
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Heinrichs2006">{{cite web
| title = Dwarfed by comparison
| first = Allison M.
| last = Heinrichs
| work = Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
| url = http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_467650.html
| date = 2006
| accessdate = 26 March 2007
| archive-date = 2 Septiyembre 2009
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090902094229/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_467650.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="ClarkHobart2000">{{cite web
| first1 = David L.
| last1 = Clark
| first2 = David E.
| last2 = Hobart
| date = 2000
| title = Reflections on the Legacy of a Legend
| url = http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/pubs/00818011.pdf
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
}}</ref>

<ref name="RenshawIhara2000">{{cite web
| first1 = Steve
| last1 = Renshaw
| first2 = Saori
| last2 = Ihara
| date = 2000
| title = A Tribute to Houei Nojiri
| url = http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/nojiri.htm
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
| archive-date = 10 Hulyo 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150710121737/http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/nojiri.htm
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="nineplan">{{cite web
| title = Planetary Linguistics
| url = http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/days.html
| accessdate = 12 June 2007
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217070734/http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/days.html
| archivedate = 17 Disyembre 2007
| deadurl = yes
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Bathrobe">{{cite web
| author = 'Bathrobe'
| title = Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese
| work = cjvlang.com
| url = http://www.cjvlang.com/Dow/UrNepPl.html
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
}}</ref>

<ref name="RAS1931.91">{{cite journal
| title = The Discovery of Pluto
| first = Andrew Claude de la Cherois
| last = Crommelin
| journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume = 91
| date = 1931
| pages = 380–385
| bibcode = 1931MNRAS..91..380.
| doi=10.1093/mnras/91.4.380
}}</ref>

<ref name="Nicholson et al 1930">{{cite journal
| bibcode = 1930PASP...42..350N
| title = The Probable Value of the Mass of Pluto
| first1 = Seth B.
| last1 = Nicholson
| authorlink1 = Seth B. Nicholson
| first2 = Nicholas U.
| last2 = Mayall
| authorlink2 = Nicholas U. Mayall
| journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
| volume = 42
| issue = 250
| page = 350
| date = December 1930
| doi = 10.1086/124071
}}</ref>

<ref name="Nicholson et al 1931">{{cite journal
| bibcode = 1931ApJ....73....1N
| title = Positions, Orbit, and Mass of Pluto
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1931-01_73_1/page/1
| first1 = Seth B.
| last1 = Nicholson
| authorlink1 = Seth B. Nicholson
| first2 = Nicholas U.
| last2 = Mayall
| authorlink2 = Nicholas U. Mayall
| journal = Astrophysical Journal
| volume = 73
| page = 1
| date = January 1931
| doi = 10.1086/143288
}}</ref>

<ref name="Kuiper 10.1086/126255">
{{cite journal
| title = The Diameter of Pluto
| first = Gerard P.
| last = Kuiper
| journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
| volume = 62
| issue = 366
| pages = 133–137
| date = 1950
| bibcode = 1950PASP...62..133K
| doi = 10.1086/126255
}}</ref>

<ref name="ChristyHarrington1978">{{cite journal
| first1 = James W.
| last1 = Christy
| first2 = Robert Sutton
| last2 = Harrington
| authorlink2 = Robert Sutton Harrington
| title = The Satellite of Pluto
| journal = Astronomical Journal
| date = 1978
| volume = 83
| issue = 8
| pages = 1005–1008
| bibcode = 1978AJ.....83.1005C
| doi = 10.1086/112284
}}</ref>

<ref name="SeidelmannHarrington1988">{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1007/BF01234554
| title = Planet X&nbsp;– The current status
| first1 = P. Kenneth
| last1 = Seidelmann
| first2 = Robert Sutton
| last2 = Harrington
| authorlink2 = Robert Sutton Harrington
| journal = Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
| volume = 43
| issue = 
| date = 1988
| pages = 55–68
| url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/r42h4u7232t724uq/
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
| bibcode = 1987CeMec..43...55S
}}{{Dead link|date=Septiyembre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="Standish1993">{{cite journal
| title = Planet X—No dynamical evidence in the optical observations
| first = E. Myles
| last = Standish
| date = 1993
| bibcode = 1993AJ....105.2000S
| journal = Astronomical Journal
| volume = 105
| issue = 5
| pages = 200–2006
| doi = 10.1086/116575
}}</ref>

<ref name="Standage2000">{{cite book
| title = The Neptune File
| url = https://archive.org/details/neptunefilestory00stan
| first = Tom
| last = Standage
| publisher = Penguin
| page = [https://archive.org/details/neptunefilestory00stan/page/168 168]
| date = 2000
| isbn = 0-8027-1363-7
}}</ref>

<ref name="Tenn1994">{{cite web
| url = http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/asphistory/1994.html
| title = History I: The Lowell Observatory in 20th century Astronomy
| publisher = The Astronomical Society of the Pacific
| date = 28 June 1994
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
| archive-date = 12 Mayo 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200512194600/http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/asphistory/1994.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

}}

[[Kategorya:Mga planetang unano]]
[[Kategorya:Astronomiya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga planeta sa Sistemang Solar]]